موزمبيق جي آزادي جي جنگ

موزمبيق جي آزادي جي جنگ (انگريزي: Mozambican War of Independenceموزمبيق لبريشن فرنٽ ۽ پرتگال جي وچ ۾ وڙهيل گوريلا جنگ جو نالو آهي. هي جنگ 25 سيپٽمبر 1964ع تي شروع ٿي ۽ ٺاهه کان پوءِ 8 سيپٽمبر، 1974ع تي ختم ٿي، جنهن جي نتيجي ۾ 1975ع تي موزمبيق کي آزادي ملي.

موزمبيق جي آزادي جي جنگ
سلسلو پرتگالي نوآبادياتي جنگ، آفريڪا ۾ نوآبادياتي جو خاتمو، ۽ سرد جنگ

موزمبيق موجوده آفريڪا ۾.
تاريخ25 سيپٽمبر 1964 – 8 سيپٽمبر 1974
(9 سالَ, 11 مهينوَ and 2 هفتوَ)
جون 25، 1975 (آزادي)
مقامموزمبيق
نتيجو
شريڪ جنگ
موزمبيق موزمبيق لبريشن فرنٽ پورچوگال پرتگال
سپهہ سالار ۽ رهنما
موزمبيق ايدواردو مونجلوني (1962–69),
موزمبيق جواڪين سشونو (1962–75),
موزمبيق فلپ سيموئل مگايا (1964–66),
موزمبيق سامورا مطل (1969–75)
پورچوگال ايتوني آگسٽو دوس سينٽوس (1964–69),
پورچوگال ڪائولز دي اريغيا (1969–74)
طاقت
15,000–20,000[34][35] 50,000 (17 مئي، 1970)[36]
نقصان
10,000 مارجي ويا[37] 8,500 مارجي ويا[37]
عام فوتگيون:
50,000 مارجي ويا[37]

حوالا سنواريو

  1. Frontiersmen: Warfare In Africa Since 1950, 2002. Page 49.
  2. China Into Africa: Trade, Aid, and Influence, 2009. Page 156.
  3. Fidel Castro: My Life: A Spoken Autobiography, 2008. Page 315
  4. The Cuban Military Under Castro, 1989. Page 45
  5. Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa 607–623, 1967. Page 65.
  6. Underdevelopment and the Transition to Socialism: Mozambique and Tanzania, 2013. Page 38.
  7. Southern Africa The Escalation of a Conflict : a Politico-military Study, 1976. Page 99.
  8. Tito in the world press on the occasion of the 80th birthday, 1973. Page 33.
  9. Mozambique, Resistance and Freedom: A Case for Reassessment, 1994. Page 64.
  10. MOSCOW’S NEXT TARGET IN AFRICA by Robert Moss
  11. FRELIMO. Departamento de Informação e Propaganda, Mozambique revolution, Page 10
  12. Liberalism, Black Power, and the Making of American Politics, 1965–1980. 2009. Page 83
  13. United Front against imperialism: China's foreign policy in Africa, 1986. Page 174
  14. Portuguese Africa: a handbook, 1969. Page 423.
  15. Frelimo candidate Filipe Nyusi leading Mozambique presidential election
  16. Mozambique in the twentieth century: from colonialism to independence, 1979. Page 271
  17. A History of FRELIMO, 1982. Page 13
  18. Encyclopedia Americana: Sumatra to Trampoline, 2005. Page 275
  19. Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, 2007. Page 226
  20. Culture And Customs of Mozambique, 2007. Page 16
  21. Intercontinental Press, 1974. Page 857.
  22. The Last Bunker: A Report on White South Africa Today, 1976. Page 122
  23. Vectors of Foreign Policy of the Mozambique Front (1962–1975): A Contribution to the Study of the Foreign Policy of the People's Republic of Mozambique, 1988. Page 8
  24. Africa's Armies: From Honor to Infamy, 2009. Page 76
  25. Imagery and Ideology in U.S. Policy Toward Libya 1969–1982, 1988. Page 70
  26. Qaddafi: his ideology in theory and practice, 1986. Page 140.
  27. South Africa in Africa: A Study in Ideology and Foreign Policy, 1975. Page 173.
  28. The dictionary of contemporary politics of Southern Africa, 1988. Page 250.
  29. Terror on the Tracks: A Rhodesian Story, 2011. Page 5.
  30. Chirambo, Reuben (2004). "'Operation Bwezani': The Army, Political Change, and Dr. Banda's Hegemony in Malawi". Nordic Journal of African Studies 13 (2): 146–163. http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol13num2/chirambo.pdf. Retrieved May 12, 2011. 
  31. Salazar: A Political Biography, 2009. Page 530.
  32. Prominent African Leaders Since Independence, 2012. Page 383.
  33. 33.0 33.1 33.2 Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin. The Israeli connection: Whom Israel arms and why, pp. 64. IB Tauris, 1987.
  34. Westfall, William C., Jr., Major, United States Marine Corps, Mozambique-Insurgency Against Portugal, 1963–1975, 1984. Retrieved on March 10, 2007
  35. Walter C. Opello, Jr. Issue: A Journal of Opinion, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1974, p. 29
  36. حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Leonard38
  37. 37.0 37.1 37.2 Mid-Range Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century retrieved December 4, 2007