موزمبيق جي آزادي جي جنگ
موزمبيق جي آزادي جي جنگ (انگريزي: Mozambican War of Independence)، موزمبيق لبريشن فرنٽ ۽ پرتگال جي وچ ۾ وڙهيل گوريلا جنگ جو نالو آهي. هي جنگ 25 سيپٽمبر 1964ع تي شروع ٿي ۽ ٺاهه کان پوءِ 8 سيپٽمبر، 1974ع تي ختم ٿي، جنهن جي نتيجي ۾ 1975ع تي موزمبيق کي آزادي ملي.
موزمبيق جي آزادي جي جنگ | |||||||
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سلسلو پرتگالي نوآبادياتي جنگ، آفريڪا ۾ نوآبادياتي جو خاتمو، ۽ سرد جنگ | |||||||
موزمبيق موجوده آفريڪا ۾. | |||||||
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شريڪ جنگ | |||||||
موزمبيق لبريشن فرنٽ | پرتگال | ||||||
سپهہ سالار ۽ رهنما | |||||||
ايدواردو مونجلوني (1962–69), جواڪين سشونو (1962–75), فلپ سيموئل مگايا (1964–66), سامورا مطل (1969–75) |
ايتوني آگسٽو دوس سينٽوس (1964–69), ڪائولز دي اريغيا (1969–74) | ||||||
طاقت | |||||||
15,000–20,000[34][35] | 50,000 (17 مئي، 1970)[36] | ||||||
نقصان | |||||||
10,000 مارجي ويا[37] | 8,500 مارجي ويا[37] | ||||||
عام فوتگيون: 50,000 مارجي ويا[37] |
حوالا
سنواريو- ↑ Frontiersmen: Warfare In Africa Since 1950, 2002. Page 49.
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- ↑ Tito in the world press on the occasion of the 80th birthday, 1973. Page 33.
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- ↑ MOSCOW’S NEXT TARGET IN AFRICA by Robert Moss
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- ↑ Portuguese Africa: a handbook, 1969. Page 423.
- ↑ Frelimo candidate Filipe Nyusi leading Mozambique presidential election
- ↑ Mozambique in the twentieth century: from colonialism to independence, 1979. Page 271
- ↑ A History of FRELIMO, 1982. Page 13
- ↑ Encyclopedia Americana: Sumatra to Trampoline, 2005. Page 275
- ↑ Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, 2007. Page 226
- ↑ Culture And Customs of Mozambique, 2007. Page 16
- ↑ Intercontinental Press, 1974. Page 857.
- ↑ The Last Bunker: A Report on White South Africa Today, 1976. Page 122
- ↑ Vectors of Foreign Policy of the Mozambique Front (1962–1975): A Contribution to the Study of the Foreign Policy of the People's Republic of Mozambique, 1988. Page 8
- ↑ Africa's Armies: From Honor to Infamy, 2009. Page 76
- ↑ Imagery and Ideology in U.S. Policy Toward Libya 1969–1982, 1988. Page 70
- ↑ Qaddafi: his ideology in theory and practice, 1986. Page 140.
- ↑ South Africa in Africa: A Study in Ideology and Foreign Policy, 1975. Page 173.
- ↑ The dictionary of contemporary politics of Southern Africa, 1988. Page 250.
- ↑ Terror on the Tracks: A Rhodesian Story, 2011. Page 5.
- ↑ Chirambo, Reuben (2004). "'Operation Bwezani': The Army, Political Change, and Dr. Banda's Hegemony in Malawi". Nordic Journal of African Studies 13 (2): 146–163. http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol13num2/chirambo.pdf. Retrieved May 12, 2011. آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا June 19, 2018, حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.
- ↑ Salazar: A Political Biography, 2009. Page 530.
- ↑ Prominent African Leaders Since Independence, 2012. Page 383.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin. The Israeli connection: Whom Israel arms and why, pp. 64. IB Tauris, 1987.
- ↑ Westfall, William C., Jr., Major, United States Marine Corps, Mozambique-Insurgency Against Portugal, 1963–1975, 1984. Retrieved on March 10, 2007
- ↑ Walter C. Opello, Jr. Issue: A Journal of Opinion, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1974, p. 29
- ↑ حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid
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- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Mid-Range Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century retrieved December 4, 2007