عباسي خلافت: جي ورجائن ۾ تفاوت

{{Infobox Former Country

| native_name = {{Rtl-lang|ar|ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة}}

| year_start = 750

| year_end = 1517

| flag_caption = [[ ڪارو جھنڊو ]]<ref>The [[ Abbasid Revolution]] against the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] adopted black for its ''rāyaʾ'' for which their partisans were called the ''{{transl|ar|musawwid}}''s. {{citation | title=Abbāsid Authority Affirmed | author=Tabari | year=1995 | publisher=SUNY | volume=28 |editor1=Jane McAuliffe |page=124}}

Their rivals chose other colours in reaction; among these, forces loyal to [[Marwan II]] adopted red. {{cite book | author=Patricia Crone | title=The Nativist Prophets of Early Islam |year=2012 |page=122}}. The choice of black as the colour of the Abbasid Revolution was already motivated by the "black standards out of Khorasan" tradition associated with the [[Mahdi]]. The contrast of white vs. black as the Umayyad vs. Abbasid dynastic colour over time developed in white as the colour of Shia Islam and black as the colour of Sunni Islam: "The proselytes of the ʿAbbasid revolution took full advantage of the eschatological expectations raised by black banners in their campaign to undermine the Umayyad dynasty from within. Even after the ʿAbbasids had triumphed over the Umayyads in 750, they continued to deploy black as their dynastic colour; not only the banners but the headdresses and garments of the ʿAbbasid caliphs were black [...] The ubiquitous black created a striking contrast with the banners and dynastic color of the Umayyads, which had been white [...] The Ismaili Shiʿite counter-caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color, creating a visual contrast to the ʿAbbasid enemy [...] white became the Shiʿite color, in deliberate opposition to the black of the ʿAbbasid 'establishment'." Jane Hathaway, ''A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen'', 2012, [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-lPC7DgepEC&pg=PA96 p. 97f.] After the revolution, Islamic apocalyptic circles admitted that the Abbasid banners would be black but asserted that the Mahdi's standard would be black and larger. David Cook (2002). ''Studies in Muslim Apocalyptic'', p. 153.