وڪيپيڊيا

آرمينيائي ٻولي

هند يورپيائي ٻولي (انڊو يورپين ٻولي)

آرمينيائي ٻولي (انگريزي: Arminian language ) ھڪ انڊو يورپي ٻولي آھي. اھا آرمينيائي شاخ جي واحد ٻولي آھي. اھا ھن وقت آرمينيا ۽ ڊي فيڪٽو ارتسخ جي ريپبلڪ جي سرڪاري ۽ قومي ٻولي آهي. تاريخي طور تي اھا ٻولي پوري آرمينيائي مٿاھين پٽن ۾ ڳالھائي ويندي هئي.ھن ٻولي جي لکڻ جي طريقو الڳ آھي جنھن کي آرمينيائي لپي سڏين ٿا جنھن کي ھڪ پادري ميسروپ ماشٽاٽس 405ع ۾ تيار ڪيو ھو. آرمينيائي ٻولي انڊو يورپي ٻولين واري خاندان سان تعلق رکندڙ ھڪ الڳ ٻولي آھي[32] ٻولين جي ڪجهه ماھرن جو خيال آهي ته آرمينيائي ٻولي يوناني ٻولي ۽ ترڪي جي اناطوليه علائقي جي فريجيئي ٻولي ۽ انڊو ايراني ٻولي لھجي جي لحاظ کان وڌيڪَ ھڪٻئي جي ويجھو آھن[33][34][35][36] لھجي جي ان مفروضاتي گروہ منجھ پروٽو آرمينيائي ٻولي کي پروٽو يوناني ٻولي ۽ پروٽو انڊو ايراني ٻولي جي وچ ۾ رکيو ويو [37] رونالڊ آء ڪم (Ronald I. Kim) وري بلڪل انوکي بناوٽي جوڙجڪ درج ڪئي آهي. ان مطابق آرمينيائي ٻولي جو تعلق بالٽو سليوڪ ٻولين سان آھي[38] آرمينيا ٻين صدي قبل مسيح کان وٺي آڄوڪي دؤر تائين ھڪ ٻولي ڳالھائيندڙن جو ديس رھيو آھي[39] ھن ٻوليء جي تاريخ لکت ۾ بہ تمام پراڻي آھي. پنجي صدي عيسويءَ ۾ بائيبل جو ھن ٻوليء ۾ ترجمو پراڻي آرمينيائي ٻولي جو ھڪ محفوظ مسودو آھي. لغت ۾ تاريخي طور تي ھن ٻولي وچولي ايراني ٻولين جھڙوڪ پارتي ٻولي، فارسي ٻولي، سرياني ٻولي کان وڌيڪَ متاثر ٿيل آھي. جديد ادبي لکت پڙھت جي معيارن سان موافقت رکندڙ ھن ٻوليء جا ٻہ نمونا آھن: اوڀرندي آرمينيائي ٻولي ۽ اولھندي آرمينيائي ٻولي جن ذريعي لڳ ڀڳ ھن دؤر جا سمورا لھجا باھمي طور تي قابل فھم آھن[40][41][42]

آرمينيائي ٻولي
հայերէն/հայերեն hayeren
ٻولي جو وطن آرمينيا ۽ ارتسخ جي ريپپلڪ
نسل آرمينيائي
ٻولي ڳالهائيندڙ
67 لک[1]
انڊو-يورپي ٻولي
  • آرمينيائي ٻولي
پراڻيون صورتون
معياري صورتون
سرڪاري حيثيت
سرڪاري ٻولي وغيره
اقليت جي
ٻولي 
ريگيوليٽر ٻولي جو ادارو(آرمينين نيشنل اڪيڊمي آف سائنسز)[30]
ٻولي جا ڪوڊ
ISO 639-1 hy
ISO 639-2 arm (B)
hye (T)
ISO 639-3 Variously:
hye – اوڀرندي آرمينيائي ٻولي
hyw – اولھندي آرمينيائي ٻولي
xcl – ڪلاسيڪي آرمينيائي ٻولي
axm – وچولي آرمينيائي ٻولي
گلوٽولوگ arme1241[31]
لنگاسفيئر 57-AAA-a
ڏکڻ ڪوھ قاف واري علائقي ۾ آرمينئائي ٻولي ڳالھائيندڙن جي تقسيم واري موجودہ صورتحال
  اڪثريت جي سرڪاري ٻولي
  تسليم ٿيل اقليتي ٻولي
   آرمينيائي ڳالھائيندڙن جو نمايان تعداد
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حوالا

سنواريو
  1. ↑ اوڀرندي آرمينيائي ٻولي at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    اولھندي آرمينيائي ٻولي at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    ڪلاسيڪي آرمينيائي ٻولي at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    وچولي آرمينيائي ٻولي at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ "THE ARMENIAN LANGUAGE AS AN ENDANGERED LANGUAGE IN EUROPE: A contribution to the European Roadmap for Linguistic Diversity" (PDF). agbueurope.org. AGBU Europe. وقت 14 December 2019 تي اصل (PDF) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. Western Armenian has an official status as a minority language in several EU countries, including Cyprus, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Poland. 
  3. ↑ "Western Armenian – Cypriot Arabic: new century, new speakers?". ec.europa.eu. European Commission. Dedicated to the two officially recognized minority languages of Cyprus, the event will focus on the teaching aspect of Western Armenian and Cypriot Arabic as mother tongues. 
  4. ↑ Hadjilyra, Alexander - Michael. "The Armenians of Cyprus" (PDF). publications.gov.cy. Press and Information Office, Republic of Cyprus. صفحو. 15. وقت 14 December 2019 تي اصل (PDF) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. According to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of the Council of Europe, Armenian was recognised as a minority language of Cyprus as of 1 December 2002. 
  5. ↑ Kenesei, István. "Minority languages in Hungary" (PDF). efnil.org. European Federation of National Institutions for Language. وقت 14 December 2019 تي اصل (PDF) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. As far as indigenous (autochthonous) minority languages are concerned, Hungarian legislation acknowledges the languages in the following list [...]: Armenian, Boyash, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian, and Hungarian Sign Language (HSL). 
  6. ↑ "Iraqi Constitution: Article 4" (PDF). The Republic of Iraq Ministry of Interior General Directorate for Nationality. وقت 28 November 2016 تي اصل (PDF) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 16 June 2014. The right of Iraqis to educate their children in their mother tongue, such as Turkmen, Syriac, and Armenian shall be guaranteed in government educational institutions in accordance with educational guidelines, or in any other language in private educational institutions.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  7. ↑ Zych, Maciej. "New Polish legislation regarding national, ethnic and linguistic minorities" (PDF). gugik.gov.pl. Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography of Poland. صفحو. 2. وقت 14 December 2019 تي اصل (PDF) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. There are 9 national minorities: Belorussian, Czech, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, Ukrainian and Jewish; and 4 ethnic minorities - Karait, Lemko, Roma and Tartar. 
  8. ↑ Pisarek, Walery. "The relationship between official and minority languages in Poland" (PDF). efnil.org. European Federation of National Institutions for Language. صفحو. 118. وقت 14 December 2019 تي اصل (PDF) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. In a Statement made by the Republic of Poland with relation to the ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Belarusian, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Karaim, Kashubian, Lithuanian, Lemkian, German, Armenian, Romani, Russian, Slovak, Tatar and Ukrainian were recognized as minority languages. 
  9. ↑ Saramandu, Nicolae; Nevaci, Manuela. "MULTILINGVISM ŞI LIMBI MINORITARE ÎN ROMÂNIA [MULTILINGUALISM AND MINORITY LANGUAGES IN ROMANIA]" (PDF) (ٻولي ۾ Romanian). Institute of Linguistics "Iorgu Iordan - Alexandru Rosetti", Romanian Academy. صفحو. 25. În cazul României, 10 limbi beneficiază de protecţie generală (albaneză, armeană, greacă, italiană, idiş, macedoneană, poloneză, romani, ruteană, tătară) şi 10 limbi beneficiază de protecţie sporită (bulgară, cehă, croată, germană, maghiară, rusă, sârbă, slovacă, turcă, ucraineană). 
  10. ↑ "Law of Ukraine "On Principles of State Language Policy" (Current version – Revision from 01.02.2014)". Document 5029-17, Article 7: Regional or minority languages Ukraine, Paragraph 2 (ٻولي ۾ Ukrainian). rada.gov.ua. حاصل ڪيل 30 April 2014. Стаття 7. Регіональні мови або мови меншин України [...] 2. У контексті Європейської хартії регіональних мов або мов меншин до регіональних мов або мов меншин України, до яких застосовуються заходи, спрямовані на використання регіональних мов або мов меншин, що передбачені у цьому Законі, віднесені мови: російська, білоруська, болгарська, вірменська, гагаузька, ідиш, кримськотатарська, молдавська, німецька, новогрецька, польська, ромська, румунська, словацька, угорська, русинська, караїмська, кримчацька. 
  11. ↑ {Armenian has no legal status in Samtske-Javakheti, but it is widely spoken by its Armenian population, which is concentrated in Ninotsminda and Akhalkalaki districts (over 90% of the total population in these two districts).}
  12. ↑ Hille, Charlotte (2010). State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 241. ISBN 9789004179011. https://archive.org/details/statebuildingcon00hill. 
  13. ↑ {There were 144 state-funded schools in the region as of 2010 where Armenian is the main language of instruction.}
  14. ↑ "Javakhk Armenians Looks Ahead to Local Elections". Asbarez. 31 March 2010. http://asbarez.com/78867/georgias-armenian-minority-looks-ahead-toward-local-elections/. Retrieved 26 May 2014. "Javakheti for use in the region's 144 Armenian schools ..." 
  15. ↑ Mezhdoyan, Slava. "Challenges and problems of the Armenian community of Georgia" (PDF). Tbilisi: European Armenian Federation for Justice and Democracy. حاصل ڪيل 26 May 2014. Armenian schools in Georgia are fully funded by the government ... 
  16. ↑ {The Lebanese government recognizes Armenian as a minority language, particularly for educational purposes.}
  17. ↑ "About Lebanon". Central Administration of Statistics of the Republic of Lebanon. وقت 26 May 2014 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. Other Languages: French, English and Armenian 
  18. ↑ "Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention. Third periodic reports of states parties due in 2003: Lebanon" (PDF). Committee on the Rights of the Child. صفحو. 108. حاصل ڪيل 26 May 2014. Right of minorities to learn their language. The Lebanese curriculum allows Armenian schools to teach the Armenian language as a basic language. 
  19. ↑ Sanjian, Ara. "Armenians and the 2000 Parliamentary Elections in Lebanon". Armenian News Network / Groong. University of Southern California. وقت 26 May 2014 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. Moreover, the Lebanese government approved a plan whereby the Armenian language was to be considered from now on as one of the few 'second foreign languages' that students can take as part of the official Lebanese secondary school certificate (Baccalaureate) exams. 
  20. ↑ {In education, according to the Treaty of Lausanne}
  21. ↑ Saib, Jilali (2001). "Languages in Turkey". in Extra, Guus; Gorter, Durk. The Other Languages of Europe: Demographic, Sociolinguistic and Educational Perspectives. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters. p. 423. ISBN 9781853595097. "No other language can be taught as a mother language other than Armenian, Greek and Hebrew, as agreed in the Lausanne Treaty ..." 
  22. ↑ Okçabol, Rıfat (2008). "Secondary Education in Turkey". in Nohl, Arnd-Michael; Akkoyunlu-Wigley, Arzu; Wigley, Simon. Education in Turkey. Berlin: Waxmann Verlag. p. 65. ISBN 9783830970699. "Private Minority Schools are the school established by Greek, Armenian and Hebrew minorities during the era of the Ottoman Empire and covered by Lausanne Treaty." 
  23. ↑ {Various state government agencies in California provide Armenian translations of their documents, namely the California Department of Social Services,California Department of Motor Vehicles,> California superior courts.}
  24. ↑ "Armenian Translations". California Department of Social Services. وقت 26 May 2014 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. 
  25. ↑ "Վարորդների ձեռնարկ [Driver's Manual]" (PDF). California Department of Motor Vehicles. حاصل ڪيل October 29, 2016. 
  26. ↑ "English/Armenian Legal Glossary" (PDF). Superior Court of California, County of Sacramento. حاصل ڪيل 26 May 2014. 
  27. ↑ { In the city of Glendale, there are street signs in Armenian}
  28. ↑ Rocha, Veronica (11 January 2011). "New Glendale traffic safety warnings in English, Armenian, Spanish". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/01/glendales-new-traffic-safet-signs-in-english-armenian-and-spanish.html. Retrieved 26 May 2014. 
  29. ↑ Aghajanian, Liana (4 September 2012). "Intersections: Bad driving signals a need for reflection". Glendale News-Press. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141440/http://articles.glendalenewspress.com/2012-09-04/opinion/tn-gnp-0904-intersections-bad-driving-signals-a-need-for-reflection_1_luxury-cars-car-accident-bad-drivers. Retrieved 26 May 2014. "...trilingual street signs in English, Armenian, and Spanish at intersections..." 
  30. ↑ "H. Acharian Institute of Language". sci.am. وقت 5 October 2014 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. Main Fields of Activity: investigation of the structure and functioning, history and comparative grammar of the Armenian language, exploration of the literary Eastern and Western Armenian Language, dialectology, regulation of literary language, development of terminology 
  31. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). "آرميني (آرمينڪ)". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/arme1241. 
  32. ↑ "Armenian language". Encyclopedia Britannica. 
  33. ↑ Handbook of Formal Languages (1997) p. 6.
  34. ↑ Indo-European tree with Armeno-Aryan, exclusion of Greek
  35. ↑ Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Benjamin W. Fortson, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, p383.
  36. ↑ Hans J. Holm (2011): “Swadesh lists” of Albanian Revisited and Consequences for its position in the Indo-European Languages. The Journal of Indo-European Studies, Volume 39, Number 1&2.
  37. ↑ Hrach Martirosyan. The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian. Journal of Language Relationship • Вопросы языкового родства • 10 (2013) • Pp. 85—137
  38. ↑ Kim, Ronald (2018). "Greco-Armenian: The persistence of a myth". Indogermanische Forschungen (The University of British Columbia Library). doi:10.1515/if-2018-0009. https://www.academia.edu/37844906. Retrieved 9 June 2019. 
  39. ↑ Strabo, Geographica, XI, 14, 5; Հայոց լեզվի համառոտ պատմություն, Ս. Ղ. Ղազարյան։ Երևան, 1981, էջ 33 (Concise History of Armenian Language, S. Gh. Ghazaryan. Yerevan, 1981, p. 33).
  40. ↑ Adalian, Rouben Paul (2010). Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-8108-7450-3. "Although mutually intelligible, eastern Armenian preserved classical phonology, whereas western Armenian demonstrated sound loss among closely related consonants." 
  41. ↑ Baliozian, Ara (1975). The Armenians: Their History and Culture. Kar Publishing House. p. 65. "There are two main dialects: Eastern Armenian (Soviet Armenia, Persia), and Western Armenian (Middle East, Europe, and America) . They are mutually intelligible." 
  42. ↑ Campbell, George (2003). "Armenian, Modern Standard". Concise Compendium of the World's Languages. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 9781134720279. "This second form is known as Western Armenian; Eastern Armenian is the written and spoken language used in the CIS. The two forms are mutually intelligible, indeed very close to each other." 
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