ڪيمرون

ڪيمرون (Cameroon)، سرڪاري طور تي ڪيمرون جي جمهوريه، وچ آفريڪا ۾ هڪ ملڪ آهي. هن جون سرحدون اولهه ۽ اتر ۾ نائيجيريا، اتر اوڀر ۾ چاڊ، اوڀر ۾ وسطي آفريڪي جمهوريه ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ استوائي گني، گيبون ۽ جمهوريه ڪانگو سان ملن ٿيون. ان جو ساحل بائٽ آف بيافرا (Bight of Biafra)، گني جي نار ۽ ائٽلانٽڪ سمنڊ جو حصو، تي واقع آهي. اولهه آفريڪا ۽ وچ آفريڪا جي وچ ۾ چوراڊ تي ان جي اسٽريٽجڪ پوزيشن جي ڪري، ان کي درجه بندي ٻنهي ڪئمپن ۾ ڪيو ويو آهي. هن جا لڳ ڀڳ ٻه ڪروڙ ستر لک ماڻهو 250 ڏيهي ٻوليون، ان کان علاوه انگريزي ۽ فرينچ جي قومي ٻوليون، يا ٻئي ڳالهائين ٿا.

Republic of Cameroon République du Cameroun  (French)
جھنڊو Coat of arms
شُعار: ' "Paix – Travail – Patrie" (French) "Peace – Work – Fatherland"
ترانو:  "Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres" (French) "O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers"
گادي جو هنڌ	Yaoundé 3°52′N 11°31′E
سڀ کان وڏو شهر	Douala
دفتري ٻوليون	French • English
نسلي گروھ (2018)	24.3% Bamileke-Bamum 21.6% Beti / Bassa-Mbam 14.6% Biu-Mandara 11% Hausa, Kanuri and Shuwa 9.8% Adamawa-Ubangi (Mbum-Gbaya) 7.7% Grassfielders 3.3% Pygmy peoples 2.7% Sawa / Côtier 0.7% Southwest Bantu 4.5% others / foreigners
مذهب (2020)	59.7% Christianity 20.2% Islam 19.0% traditional faiths 0.8% no religion 0.3% others
مقامي آبادي	Cameroonian
حڪومت	Unitary dominant-party presidential republic under a dictatorship
• President	Paul Biya
• Prime Minister	Joseph Ngute
• President of Senate	Marcel Niat Njifenji
• President of National Assembly	Cavayé Yéguié Djibril
مقننه	Parliament
• مٿيون ایوان	Senate
• ھيٺيون ایوان	National Assembly
Independence from France and the United Kingdom
• Independence from France	1 January 1960
• Independence from the United Kingdom	1 October 1961
پکيڙ
• جملي	475٬442 km2 (183٬569 sq mi) (53rd)
• پاڻي (%)	0.57
آبادي
• 2023 اندازو	30,135,732 (51st)
•  گھاٽائي	39.7 /km2 (102.8 /sq mi)
جِي ڊي پي (مساوي قوت خريد )	2024 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل	$141.930 billion (94th)
• في سيڪڙو	$4,840 (155th)
جِي. ڊي. پي  (رڳو نالي ۾ )	2024 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل	$53.210 billion (91th)

علائقي جي شروعاتي رهاڪن ۾ چاڊ ڍنڍ جي چوڌاري ساو تهذيب ۽ ڏکڻ اوڀر واري برساتي جنگل ۾ باڪا شڪار گڏ ڪندڙ شامل هئا. پورچوگالي ڳولا ڪندڙ 15ھین صدي عيسويءَ ۾ ساحل تي پهتا ۽ ان علائقي جو نالو ريو ڊي ڪيماروس(Rio dos Camarões) جهینگا مڇي جي ندي (Shrimp River) رکيو، جيڪو انگريزيءَ ۾ ڪيمرون ٿيو. فولاني سپاهين 19ھین صدي عيسويءَ ۾ اتر ۾ ادماوا امارت قائم ڪئي، ۽ اولهه ۽ اتر اولهه جي مختلف نسلي گروهن طاقتور سرداریون قائم ڪيا.

Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Its coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. Due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West Africa and Central Africa, it has been categorized as being in both camps. Its nearly 27 million people speak 250 native languages, in addition to the national tongues of English and French, or both.

Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad, and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest. Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões (Shrimp River), which became Cameroon in English. Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century, and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms.

Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun. After World War I, it was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates. The Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC) political party advocated independence, but was outlawed by France in the 1950s, leading to the national liberation insurgency fought between French and UPC militant forces until early 1971. In 1960, the French-administered part of Cameroon became independent, as the Republic of Cameroun, under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. The southern part of British Cameroons federated with it in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. The federation was abandoned in 1972. The country was renamed the United Republic of Cameroon in 1972 and back to the Republic of Cameroon in 1984 by a presidential decree by president Paul Biya. Biya, the incumbent president, has led the country since 1982 following Ahidjo's resignation; he previously held office as prime minister from 1975 onward. Cameroon is governed as a Unitary Presidential Republic.

The official languages of Cameroon are French and English, the official languages of former French Cameroons and British Cameroons. Christianity is the majority religion in Cameroon, with significant minorities practising Islam and traditional faiths. It has experienced tensions from the English-speaking territories, where politicians have advocated for greater decentralisation and even complete separation or independence (as in the Southern Cameroons National Council). In 2017, tensions over the creation of an Ambazonian state in the English-speaking territories escalated into open warfare.

Large numbers of Cameroonians live as subsistence farmers. The country is often referred to as "Africa in miniature" for its geological, linguistic and cultural diversity. Its natural features include beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and savannas. Its highest point, at almost 4٬100 ميٽر (13٬500 ft), is Mount Cameroon in the Southwest Region. Its most populous cities are Douala on the Wouri River, its economic capital and main seaport; Yaoundé, its political capital; and Garoua. Limbé in the southwest has a natural seaport. Cameroon is well known for its native music styles, particularly Makossa, Njang and Bikutsi, and for its successful national football team. It is a member state of the African Union, the United Nations, the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), the Commonwealth of Nations, Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.