Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[1] bestia, embuste, vaca, envidia, fútbol best
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. bebé, obtuso, vivir, curva between baby and bevy
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[1] dedo, cuando, aldaba dead, but putting the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. diva, arder, admirar this
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. fase face
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[1] gato, lengua, guerra got
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. trigo, amargo, sigue, signo go, but without completely blocking airflow on the g
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[1][2] ayuno you
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[1][2] cónyuge, abyecto job
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. caña, quise, kilo scan
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. lino lean
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[1][2] llave, pollo million
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[3] madre, campo, anfibio mother
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[3] nido, sin, álbum need
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[3] ñandú, enyesar canyon
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[3] cinco, venga sing
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. pozo spouse
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[4] rumbo, carro, honra, subrayar trilled r
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[4] caro, bravo, partir batter (American English)
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[5][6] saco, espita, xenón sack
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[5] cereal, encima, zorro thing
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. tamiz stand, but putting the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. chubasco choose
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[7] afgano van
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. jamón, general, México,[8] hamster[9] Scottish loch
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[7] isla, mismo quiz
Marginal phonemes
IPA Examples English approximation
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[10] show, Rocher, Freixenet shack
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. abertzale cats
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. azahar father
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. vehemente set
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. dimitir, mío, y see
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. boscoso more
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. cucurucho, dúo food
 
Semivowels[11]
IPA Examples English approximation
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. aliada yet
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.[12] cuadro, Huila wine
 
Stress and syllabification
IPA Examples English approximation
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. ciudad [θjuˈðað] domain
Script error: The function "link" does not exist. o [ˈmi.o] Leo
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 /b, d, ɡ, ʝ/ are pronounced as fricatives or approximants [β, ð, ɣ, ʝ] in all places except after a pause, /n/, or /m/, or, in the case of /d/ and /ʝ/, after /l/. In the latter environments, they are stops [b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ] like English b, d, g, j but are fully voiced in all positions, unlike in English. When it is distinct from /ʝ/, /ʎ/ is realized as an approximant [ʎ] in all positions (Martínez-Celdrán، Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003257-8).
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Most speakers no longer distinguish /ʎ/ from /ʝ/; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. See yeísmo and (Martínez-Celdrán، Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003258) for more information.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 The nasal consonants /n, m, ɲ/ contrast only before vowels. Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's place of articulation, which is partially reflected in the orthography. The three do not contrast at the end of a word; depending on dialect, the neutralized nasal may appear as [n], [ŋ], or nasalization of the preceding vowel.
  4. 4.0 4.1 The rhotic consonants [r] and [ɾ] contrast only word-medially between vowels, where they are usually spelled ⟨rr⟩ and ⟨r⟩, respectively. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution: Word-initially, stem-initially, and after /l, n, s/, only [r] is found; before a consonant or pause, the two are interchangeable but [ɾ] is more common (hence so represented here); elsewhere, only [ɾ] is found. When two rhotics occur consecutively across a word or prefix boundary, they result in one long trill, which may be transcribed as [ɾr]: dar rocas [daɾ ˈrokas], super-rápido [supeɾˈrapiðo] (Hualde 2005184).
  5. 5.0 5.1 Northern and Central Spain distinguish between ⟨s⟩ (سانچو:IPAslink) and soft ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩ (سانچو:IPAslink). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical (which is called seseo) and pronounce them as سانچو:IPAslink. Contrary to yeísmo, seseo is not a phonemic merger but the outcome of a different evolution of sibilants in southern Spain in comparison with northern and central dialects. There is a small number of speakers, mostly in southern Spain, who pronounce the soft ⟨c⟩, ⟨z⟩ and even ⟨s⟩ as سانچو:IPAslink, a phenomenon called ceceo. See phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives and (Martínez-Celdrán، Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003258) for more information.
  6. In much of Hispanic America and in the southern half of Spain, /s/ in syllable-final positions is either pronounced as [h] or not pronounced at all. In transcriptions linked to this key, however, it is always represented by [s].
  7. 7.0 7.1 [v] and [z] are allophones of /f/ and /s/, respectively, found before voiced consonants.
  8. The letter ⟨x⟩ represents /x/ only in certain proper names like Ximena and some placenames in current or former Mexico (Oaxaca, Texas).
  9. The letter ⟨h⟩ represents /x/ only in loanwords; in native words, it is always silent.
  10. /ʃ/ is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as [] or [s]; e.g. show [tʃou]~[sou].
  11. The semivowels [w] and [j] can be combined with vowels to form rising diphthongs (e.g. cielo, cuadro). Falling diphthongs (e.g. aire, rey, auto) are transcribed with [i] and [u].
  12. Some speakers may pronounce word-initial [w] with an epenthetic [ɡ]; e.g. Huila [ˈɡwila]~[ˈwila].
سنواريو

سانچو:IPA keys horizontal