لوئزيانا

نظر ھيٺ مضمون the U.S. state تي آهي. other uses لوئزيانا (سلجھائپ) ڏسو.

Luisiana سان ڀل نہ کائو.

لوئزيانا یا لوئسيانا (Louisiana؛ فرانسيسي: Louisiane؛ اسپيني: Luisiana) آمريڪا جي گڏيل رياستن جي ديپ ڏکڻ ۽ ڏکڻ مرڪزي علائقن ۾ هڪ رياست آهي. هن جون سرحدون اولهه ۾ ٽيڪساس، اتر ۾ آرڪنساس ۽ اوڀر ۾ مسيسپي سان لڳن ٿيون. آمريڪا جي 50 رياستن مان، اها زمين جي ايراضيءَ ۾ 20هين ۽ آبادي جي لحاظ کان 25هين نمبر تي آهي، جنهن ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 46 لک آبادي آهن. ان جي فرينچ ورثي جي عڪاسي ڪندي، لوزيانا واحد آمريڪي رياست آهي جنهن ۾ سياسي ذيلي تقسيم کي پارش (Parish) سڏيو ويندو آهي، جيڪي ملڪ جي برابر آهن، ان کي صرف ٻن آمريڪي رياستن مان هڪ بنايو آهي، جيڪي ڪائونٽيز ۾ ورهايل نه آهن (ٻيون الاسڪا ۽ ان جا بورو آهن). بيٽن روج (Baton Rouge) رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي، ۽ نيو اورلينز، فرينچ لوزيانا جو علائقو، ان جو سڀ کان وڏو شهر آهي، جنهن جي آبادي اٽڪل 3,83,000 آهي. لوزيانا کي ڏکڻ ۾ خليج ميڪسيڪو سان گڏ ساحل آهي. ان جي اڀرندي سرحد جو هڪ وڏو حصو مسيسپي نديءَ طرفان نشان لڳايو ويو آهي.

Louisiana Louisiane  (French) Luisiana  ([[اسپينش ، هسپانوي يا اسپيني ٻولي Spanish language|اسپينش ، هسپانوي يا اسپيني ٻولي Spanish]]) Lwizyàn  (ٻولي؟)
State
State of Louisiana État de la Louisiane  (French) Estado de Luisiana  ([[اسپينش ، هسپانوي يا اسپيني ٻولي Spanish language|اسپينش ، هسپانوي يا اسپيني ٻولي Spanish]]) Létat de Lalwizyàn  (ٻولي؟)
جھنڊو مھر
عرفيت: Pelican State (official) Bayou State Creole State Sportsman's Paradise The Boot
نعرو: Union, Justice, Confidence
ترانو: "Give Me Louisiana" "You Are My Sunshine" State march song: "You Are My Sunshine" Environmental song: "Gifts of the Earth"
Map of the United States with Louisiana highlighted
Country	United States
Before statehood	Territory of Orleans and Louisiana Purchase
Admitted to the Union	اپريل 30, 1812 (1812-04-30) (18th)
Capital	Baton Rouge
Largest city	New Orleans
Largest metro and urban areas	Greater New Orleans
حڪومت
• Governor	Jeff Landry (R)
• Lieutenant Governor	Billy Nungesser (R)
پکيڙ
• ڪل	51,840 ميل2 (134,264 ڪ.م2)
• زميني	43,204 ميل2 (111,898 ڪ.م2)
• آبي	8,283 ميل2 (21,455 ڪ.م2)  15%
پکيڙ ۾ درجو	31st
Dimensions
• ڊيگھ	379 mi (610 kميل)
• ويڪر	130 mi (231 kميل)
بلندي	100 ft (30 ميل)
بلند ترین  پیمائش (Driskill Mountain)	535 ft (163 ميل)
گھٽ ترین  پیمائش (New Orleans)	−8 ft (−2.5 ميل)
آبادي (2020)
• ڪل	4,657,757

نشان جا

پکي	Brown pelican
مڇي	Crappie
جيت	Bumblebee
گل	Magnolia
وڻ	Bald cypress

Louisiana entrance sign off Interstate 20 in Madison Parish east of Tallulah

لوزيانا جي اڪثر زمينون مسيسپي نديءَ جي هيٺان ڌوئيندڙ تلاءَ مان ٺهيون هيون، جن ۾ وڏي ڊيلٽا ۽ ساحلي دلدل ۽ دلدل جا وسيع علائقا ڇڏيا ويا هئا. انهن ۾ هڪ امير ڏاکڻي بايوٽا شامل آهي، جنهن ۾ پکين جهڙوڪ ibises ۽ egrets، وڻن جي ڏيڏر جا ڪيترائي قسم؛ جيئن رياست آمريڪي گرين وڻ جي ڏيڏر ۽ مڇي جهڙوڪ اسٽرجن ۽ پيڊل فش کي تسليم ڪيو آهي. وڌيڪ بلندي وارا علائقا، خاص طور تي اتر ۾، مختلف قسم جي ماحولياتي نظامن تي مشتمل آهن جهڙوڪ ٽال گراس پريري، لانگ ليف پائن فاريسٽ ۽ ويٽ ساوانا؛ اهي ٻوٽن جي غير معمولي وڏي تعداد جي حمايت ڪن ٿا، جن ۾ زميني آرڪيڊس ۽ گوشت خور ٻوٽن جا ڪيترائي قسم شامل آهن. اڌ کان وڌيڪ رياست جنگل آهي. لوزيانا مسيسپي درياء جي نظام ۽ ميڪسيڪو جي نار جي سنگم تي واقع آهي. 17 صدي عيسويء ۾ يورپين جي اچڻ کان هزارين سال اڳ ان جي مقام ۽ جيوتائي تنوع مختلف مقامي گروهن کي راغب ڪيو. لوزيانا ۾ اٺن اصلي آمريڪي قبيلا آهن؛ ڪنهن به ڏاکڻي رياست جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ، جن مان چار وفاقي طور تي تسليم ٿيل آهن ۽ ڏهه رياستي طور تي تسليم ٿيل آهن. فرينچن 1682ع ۾ علائقي تي دعويٰ ڪئي، ۽ اهو نئون فرانس جي وڏي ڪالوني جو سياسي، تجارتي ۽ آبادي جو مرڪز بڻجي ويو. اسپيني راڄ جي ٿوري عرصي کان پوءِ، لوزيانا 1801ع ۾ فرانس کي واپس ڪيو ويو، ان کان اڳ 1803ع ۾ آمريڪا خريد ڪيو. ان کي 1812ع ۾ 18هين رياست طور يونين ۾ داخل ڪيو ويو. رياستي حيثيت جي پٺيان، لوزيانا اوڀر آمريڪا کان آبادگارن جي آمد سان گڏوگڏ ويسٽ انڊيز، جرمني ۽ آئرلينڊ کان مهاجرن کي ڏٺو. هن هڪ زرعي بوم جو تجربو ڪيو، خاص طور تي ڪپهه ۽ ڪمند ۾، جيڪي بنيادي طور آفريڪا کان غلامن پاران پوکيا ويا هئا. هڪ غلام رياست جي حيثيت ۾، لوزيانا آمريڪي گهرو ويڙهه دوران آمريڪا جي ڪنفيڊرٽ رياستن جي اصل ستن ميمبرن مان هڪ هئي. لوزيانا جي منفرد فرانسيسي ورثو ان جي مٿين لفظن، ٻولين، رواج، ڊيموگرافڪ، ۽ قانوني نظام ۾ ظاهر ٿئي ٿي.

Louisiana (فرينچ: Louisiane [lwizjan] ( ٻڌو); Spanish: Luisiana [lwiˈsjana]; سانچو:Lang-lou) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 20th in land area and the 25th in population, with roughly 4.6 million residents. Reflecting its French heritage, Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties, making it one of only two U.S. states not subdivided into counties (the other being Alaska and its boroughs). Baton Rouge is the state's capital, and New Orleans, a French Louisiana region, is its largest city with a population of about 383,000 people. Louisiana has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the south; a large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River.

Much of Louisiana's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota, including birds such as ibises and egrets, many species of tree frogs—such as the state recognized American green tree frog—and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. More elevated areas, particularly in the north, contain a wide variety of ecosystems such as tallgrass prairie, longleaf pine forest and wet savannas; these support an exceptionally large number of plant species, including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants. Over half the state is forested.

Louisiana is situated at the confluence of the Mississippi river system and the Gulf of Mexico. Its location and biodiversity attracted various indigenous groups thousands of years before Europeans arrived in the 17th century. Louisiana has eighteen Native American tribes—the most of any southern state—of which four are federally recognized and ten are state recognized. The French claimed the territory in 1682, and it became the political, commercial, and population center of the larger colony of New France. After a brief period of Spanish rule, Louisiana was returned to France in 1801 before being purchased by the U.S. in 1803; it was admitted to the Union in 1812 as the 18th state. Following statehood, Louisiana saw an influx of settlers from the eastern U.S. as well as immigrants from the West Indies, Germany, and Ireland. It experienced an agricultural boom, particularly in cotton and sugarcane, which were cultivated primarily by slaves from Africa. As a slave state, Louisiana was one of the original seven members of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.

Louisiana's unique French heritage is reflected in its toponyms, dialects, customs, demographics, and legal system. Relative to the rest of the southern U.S., Louisiana is multilingual and multicultural, reflecting an admixture of Louisiana French (Cajun, Creole), Spanish, French Canadian, Acadian, Haitian, Native American, and West African cultures (generally the descendants of slaves stolen in the 18th century); more recent migrants include Filipinos and Vietnamese. In the post–Civil War environment, Anglo-Americans increased the pressure for Anglicization, and in 1921, English was shortly made the sole language of instruction in Louisiana schools before a policy of multilingualism was revived in 1974. Louisiana has never had an official language, and the state constitution enumerates "the right of the people to preserve, foster, and promote their respective historic, linguistic, and cultural origins."

Based on national averages, Louisiana frequently ranks low among U.S. states in terms of health, education, and development, with high rates of poverty and homicide. In 2018, Louisiana was ranked as the least healthy state in the country, with high levels of drug-related deaths. It also has had the highest homicide rate in the United States since at least the 1990s.

لوزيانا