سڌنوتي ضلعو
سڌنوتي ضلعو (اردو: ضلع سدھنوتي) مطلب ته "سڌن جي دل واري سرزمين" يا "سڌن جي دل واري زمين"،[4][5][6] تڪراري ڪشمير واري علائقي ۾ پاڪستان جي انتظام هيٺ آزاد جمو ء ڪشمير جي 10 ضلعن مان هڪ آهي.[7][8] سڌنوتي ضلعو اتر ۽ اوڀر ۾ پونڇ ضلعي،[9] ڏکڻ ۾ ڪوٽلي ضلعي سان ۽ اولهه ۾ پاڪستان جي صوبي پنجاب جي راولپنڊي ضلعي سان لڳل آهي. اهو پاڪستان جي راڄڌاني اسلام آباد کان 90 ڪلوميٽر (56 ميل) جی مفاصلي تي واقع آهي. اهو راولپنڊي ۽ اسلام آباد سان آزاد پتن روڊ ذريعي ڳنڍيل آهي. ضلعي جو صدر مقام پلندري شهر آهي. اهو 1,372 ميٽر جي اوچائي تي آهي ۽ راولپنڊي کان آزاد پتن روڊ ذريعي 97 ڪلوميٽرن جي مفاصلي تي آهي. پلندري راولاڪوٽ سان 64 ڪلوميٽر جي پڪی روڊ سان ڳنڍيل آهي.
| Sudhanoti District ضلع سدھنوتی | |
|---|---|
| District of Azad Kashmir administered by Pakistan[1] | |
 A view of Cadet College Pallandri in the Sudhanoti District | |
 Interactive map of Sudhanoti district | |
![A map showing Pakistani-administered آزاد ڪشمير (shaded in sage green) in the disputed Kashmir region[1]](/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_sub-regions_administered_by_different_countries.jpg) A map showing Pakistani-administered آزاد ڪشمير (shaded in sage green) in the disputed Kashmir region[1] | |
| جاگرافي بيهڪ (Pallandri Tehsil): 33°40′N 73°43′E / 33.667°N 73.717°E | |
| Administering country | Pakistan |
| علائقو | آزاد ڪشمير |
| ڊويزن | Poonch Division |
| صدرمقام | Pallandri |
| حڪومت | |
| • قسم | ضلعي انتظاميا |
| • ڊپٽي ڪميشنر | N/A |
| • ضلعي پوليس آفيسر (ڊي ايس پي) | N/A |
| • ضلعي صحت آفيسر | N/A |
| پکيڙ | |
| • ڪل | 569 ڪ.م2 (220 ميل2) |
| آبادي (2017)[2] | |
| • ڪل | 297,584 |
حوالا
سنواريو- ↑ 1.0 1.1 حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedtertiary-kashmir - ↑ "Population of Districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir - Sudhanoti District population". Citypopulation.de website. وقت 29 June 2020 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 19 December 2023. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (مدد) - ↑ Rahman, Tariq (1996). Language and politics in Pakistan. Oxford University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-19-577692-8.
- ↑ Watch (Organization), Human Rights (2006) (en ۾). Pakistan, with Friends Like These. Human Rights Watch. https://books.google.com/books?id=QfyEAAAAMAAJ&q=heartland+of+sudhans.
- ↑ (en ۾) Human Rights Watch: "With Friends Like These...". Human Rights Watch. https://books.google.com/books?id=99WTTyxnkDYC&dq=heartland+of+sudhans&pg=PA13.
- ↑ Talbot, Ian (28 January 2016) (en ۾). A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-21659-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=sXsmCwAAQBAJ&dq=heartland+sudhan&pg=PA23.
- ↑ The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (e), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below).
(a) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, حاصل ڪيل 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";
(b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, حاصل ڪيل 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
(c) "Kashmir", Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, صفحو. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
(d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan, Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, صفحا. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
(e) Talbot, Ian, A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, صفحا. 28–29, ISBN 978-0-300-19694-8 Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";
(f) Skutsch, Carl, "China: Border War with India, 1962", ۾ Ciment, James, Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II, London and New York: Routledge, صفحو. 573, ISBN 978-0-7656-8005-1,
The situation between the two nations was complicated by the 1957–1959 uprising by Tibetans against Chinese rule. Refugees poured across the Indian border, and the Indian public was outraged. Any compromise with China on the border issue became impossible. Similarly, China was offended that India had given political asylum to the Dalai Lama when he fled across the border in March 1959. In late 1959, there were shots fired between border patrols operating along both the ill-defined McMahon Line and in the Aksai Chin.
(g) Clary, Christopher, The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, صفحو. 109, ISBN 9780197638408,Territorial Dispute: The situation along the Sino-Indian frontier continued to worsen. In late July (1959), an Indian reconnaissance patrol was blocked, "apprehended," and eventually expelled after three weeks in custody at the hands of a larger Chinese force near Khurnak Fort in Aksai Chin. ... Circumstances worsened further in October 1959, when a major class at Kongka Pass in eastern Ladakh led to nine dead and ten captured Indian border personnel, making it by far the most serious Sino-Indian class since India's independence.
(h) Bose, Sumantra, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, صفحا. 294, 291, 293, ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5 Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control." (i) Fisher, Michael H., An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, صفحو. 166, ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2 Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir."; (j) Snedden, Christopher, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press, صفحو. 10, ISBN 978-1-84904-621-3 Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'." - ↑ "AJ&K Portal". www.ajk.gov.pk.
- ↑ "Subdivisions of AJK". وقت 5 April 2017 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 24 May 2009. Unknown parameter
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