سليس چيني ٻولي

چيني سرزمين ۾ عام نالو
روایتي چیني	普通話
آسان چیني اکر	普通话
لغوي معنیٰ	عام ڳالھ ٻولھ
انتساخ
مينڊرين
- ھانیو پنین	Pǔtōnghuà
- وادي-جائلز	P'u3-t'ung1-hua4
- IPA	[pʰùtʰʊ́ŋxwâ]
- ییل	پوٽانگوئا
تائيوان ۾ عام نالو
روایتي چیني	國語
آسان چیني	国语
لغوي معنی	قومي ٻولي
انتساخ
مينڊرين
- ھانیو پنین	گوئيو
- وادي-جائلز	Kuo2-yü3
- IPA	[kwɔ̌.ỳ]
- ييل رومن سازي	gwóyǔ
سنگاپور ۽ ڏکڻ اوڀر ايشيا ۾ عام نالو
روایتي چیني	華語
آسان چیني	华语
لغوي معنی	چيني ٻولي
انتساخ
مينڊرين
- ھانیو پنین	ھئايو
- وادي-جائلز	Hua2-yü3
- IPA	[xwǎ.ỳ]
- مينڊرين ییل رومن سازي	hwáyǔ

سليس چيني
	معياري چيني ٻولي
ٻولي جو وطن	چين، تائيوان، سنگاپور
ٻولي ڳالهائيندڙ	مادري زبان وارا مقامي ماڻھو; ٻين ٻولي ڳالھائيندڙ: چين جا %70 ماڻھو جن مان %7 فصيح (2014)
ٻولي جو خاندان	چيني-تبتي سائنٽڪ مينڊرين بيجنگ مينڊرين سليس چيني; ; ; ;
پراڻي صورت	وچولي مينڊرين
لپي	روايتي چيني ٻولي; آسان چيني ٻولي; چيني برائلي; تائيواني برائلي
نشانن جا نمونا en:Line-handling templates	چيني ۾ دستخط ڪيل
سرڪاري حيثيت
سرڪاري ٻولي وغيره	* تائيوان (ڊي فيڪٽو; تائيواني مينڊرين) سنگاپور ( سنگاپوري مينڊرين); گڏيل قومون; شنگھائي ڪوآپريشن آرگنائيزيشن; سانچو:Country data ASEAN;
ريگيوليٽر	سانچو:Ill
ٻولي جا ڪوڊ
ISO 639-3	–
ISO 639-6	گويو (گئويو); ھويو (ھوئيو); cosc (پوٽانگوئا)
گلوٽولوگ	نه ڪوبہ نه
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

معياري چيني (انگريزي: Standard Chinese ) يا اترئين منڊارن،^[6]^[7]^[8] معياري بيجنگ منڊارن،^[9]^[9]^[10] سليس چيني يا آسان منڊارن،^[11] ھڪ منڊارن لھجو آھي جيڪو منڊارن ۽ چيني ٻولي جي ٻين قسمن جھڙوڪ: ڪينٽوني، ڏاکڻي من يا ھاڪيئن، معياري منڊارن وغيره جي ڳالھائيندڙن لاء رابطي واري زبان آھي. معياري چيني گڏيل قومن، چيني سرزمين، تائيوان ۽ سنگاپور جي سڀ کان وڏي ٻولي آھي. ٻين چيني ٻولين وانگر معياري چيني واڪي واري ٻولي آھي. ان ٻولي ۾ شروعاتي حروف صحيح ڪثرت ۾ آھن پر حروف علت، پويان حروف صحيح ٻين چيني ٻولين جي ڀيٽ ۾ گھٽ آھن.

1912ع ۾ جمهوريه چين جي قيام سان ھڪ مشترڪ چيني ٻولي جي قيام لاء ڪافي پيش رفت عمل ۾ آئي. سڄي ملڪ مان نمائندگي ڏيندي چيني ٻولي جي اچارن کي ھموار ڪرڻ لاء قومي ٻولي جي ڪميشن قائم ڪئي وئي. ان ڪميشن بيجنگ واري چيني لھجي کي معياري چيني ٻولي جو درجو ڏنو ۽ سال 1932ع ۾ لغت تيار ڪئي وئي جنھن ۾ اڳي وارين لغتن جي اچارن کي بيجنگ واري لھجي ۾ آندو ويو. عوامي جمھوري انقلاب بعد 1956ع ۾ عوامي جمهوريه چين جي معياري ٻولي جي ڪيل تشريح مطابق "پوٽانگوئا" جديد چيني ٻولي جي معياري صورت آھي جنھن ۾ بيجنگ وارو صوتي نظام ان جي اچارن جي معيار طور شامل آهن ۽ اتريان لھجا ان جي لھجي جو بنياد آھن.^[12]

حوالا

↑ Luo, Chris (22 September 2014). "One-third of Chinese do not speak Putonghua, says Education Ministry". South China Morning Post. http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1598040/3-10-chinese-citizens-do-not-speak-putonghua-says-education.
↑ Only 7% of people in China speak proper Putonghua: PRC MOE آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 28 May 2015 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين., Language Log, 2014 Sept. 24
↑ Tai, James; Tsay, Jane (2015). Sign Languages of the World: A Comparative Handbook. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 772. ISBN 9781614518174. https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZqnCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA772. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
↑ "Languages of ASEAN". وقت 7 August 2017 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 7 August 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). "نه سليس چيني". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ڪوبہ نه.
↑ Rohsenow, John S. (2004). "Fifty Years of Script and Written Language Reform in the P.R.C.". in Zhou, Minglang. Language Policy in the People's Republic of China. pp. 22, 24. ISBN 9781402080395. https://books.google.com/books?id=-XDdBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24. "accurately represent and express the sounds of standard Northern Mandarin (Putonghua) [...]. Central to the promotion of Putonghua as a national language with a standard pronunciation as well as to assisting literacy in the non-phonetic writing system of Chinese characters was the development of a system of phonetic symbols with which to convey the pronunciation of spoken words and written characters in standard northern Mandarin."
↑ Ran, Yunyun; Weijer, Jeroen van de (2016). "On L2 English Intonation Patterns by Mandarin and Shanghainese Speakers: A Pilot Study". Proceedings of the second workshop "Chinese Accents and Accented Chinese" (2nd CAAC) 2016, at the Nordic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 26-27 October 2015. p. 4. http://chineseaccents.yolasite.com/resources/CAAC2015%20RYY&JW%20Final.pdf. "We recorded a number of English sentences spoken by speakers with Mandarin Chinese (standard northern Mandarin) as their first language and by Chinese speakers with Shanghainese as their first language, [...]"
↑ Bradley, David (2008). "Chapter 5: East and Southeast Asia". in Moseley, Christopher. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. Routledge. p. 500 (e-book). ISBN 9781135796402. https://books.google.com/books?id=p-7ON7Rvx_AC&pg=PT500. "As a result of the spread of standard northern Mandarin and major regional varieties of provincial capitals since 1950, many of the smaller tuyu [土語] are disappearing by being absorbed into larger regional fangyan [方言], which of course may be a sub-variety of Mandarin or something else."
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Siegel, Jeff (2003). "Chapter 8: Social Context". in Doughty, Catherine J.. The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. Blackwell Publishing, U.K.. p. 201. ISBN 9781405151887. https://books.google.com/books?id=xmLoVScagwYC&pg=PA201. "Escure [Geneviève Escure, 1997] goes on to analyse second dialect texts of Putonghua (standard Beijing Mandarin Chinese) produced by speakers of other varieties of Chinese, [in] Wuhan and Suzhou."
↑ سانچو:Cite thesis
↑ Weng, Jeffrey (2018). "What is Mandarin? The social project of language standardization in early Republican China". The Journal of Asian Studies 59 (1): 611–633. doi:10.1017/S0021911818000487. "in common usage, 'Mandarin' or 'Mandarin Chinese' usually refers to China's standard spoken language. In fact, I would argue that this is the predominant meaning of the word".
↑ "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37)". Gov.cn. وقت 24 July 2013 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 27 April 2010. For purposes of this Law, the standard spoken and written Chinese language means Putonghua (a common speech with pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect) and the standardized Chinese characters. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد) Original text in Chinese: "普通话就是现代汉民族共同语，是全国各民族通用的语言。普通话以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作语法规范"

[SCMP_Putonghua-1] Luo, Chris (22 September 2014). "One-third of Chinese do not speak Putonghua, says Education Ministry". South China Morning Post. http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1598040/3-10-chinese-citizens-do-not-speak-putonghua-says-education.

[languagelog-2] Only 7% of people in China speak proper Putonghua: PRC MOE آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 28 May 2015 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين., Language Log, 2014 Sept. 24

[3] Tai, James; Tsay, Jane (2015). Sign Languages of the World: A Comparative Handbook. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 772. ISBN 9781614518174. https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZqnCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA772. Retrieved 26 February 2020.

[4] "Languages of ASEAN". وقت 7 August 2017 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 7 August 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)

[Glottolog-5] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). "نه سليس چيني". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ڪوبہ نه.

[John_Rohsenow_2004-6] Rohsenow, John S. (2004). "Fifty Years of Script and Written Language Reform in the P.R.C.". in Zhou, Minglang. Language Policy in the People's Republic of China. pp. 22, 24. ISBN 9781402080395. https://books.google.com/books?id=-XDdBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24. "accurately represent and express the sounds of standard Northern Mandarin (Putonghua) [...]. Central to the promotion of Putonghua as a national language with a standard pronunciation as well as to assisting literacy in the non-phonetic writing system of Chinese characters was the development of a system of phonetic symbols with which to convey the pronunciation of spoken words and written characters in standard northern Mandarin."

[Yunyun_Ran_2016-7] Ran, Yunyun; Weijer, Jeroen van de (2016). "On L2 English Intonation Patterns by Mandarin and Shanghainese Speakers: A Pilot Study". Proceedings of the second workshop "Chinese Accents and Accented Chinese" (2nd CAAC) 2016, at the Nordic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 26-27 October 2015. p. 4. http://chineseaccents.yolasite.com/resources/CAAC2015%20RYY&JW%20Final.pdf. "We recorded a number of English sentences spoken by speakers with Mandarin Chinese (standard northern Mandarin) as their first language and by Chinese speakers with Shanghainese as their first language, [...]"

[David_Bradley_2008-8] Bradley, David (2008). "Chapter 5: East and Southeast Asia". in Moseley, Christopher. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. Routledge. p. 500 (e-book). ISBN 9781135796402. https://books.google.com/books?id=p-7ON7Rvx_AC&pg=PT500. "As a result of the spread of standard northern Mandarin and major regional varieties of provincial capitals since 1950, many of the smaller tuyu [土語] are disappearing by being absorbed into larger regional fangyan [方言], which of course may be a sub-variety of Mandarin or something else."

[Jeff_Siegel_2003-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Siegel, Jeff (2003). "Chapter 8: Social Context". in Doughty, Catherine J.. The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. Blackwell Publishing, U.K.. p. 201. ISBN 9781405151887. https://books.google.com/books?id=xmLoVScagwYC&pg=PA201. "Escure [Geneviève Escure, 1997] goes on to analyse second dialect texts of Putonghua (standard Beijing Mandarin Chinese) produced by speakers of other varieties of Chinese, [in] Wuhan and Suzhou."

[Ying-Chuan_Chen2013-10] سانچو:Cite thesis

[Weng,_Jeffrey_2018_611–633-11] Weng, Jeffrey (2018). "What is Mandarin? The social project of language standardization in early Republican China". The Journal of Asian Studies 59 (1): 611–633. doi:10.1017/S0021911818000487. "in common usage, 'Mandarin' or 'Mandarin Chinese' usually refers to China's standard spoken language. In fact, I would argue that this is the predominant meaning of the word".

[langlaw-12] "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37)". Gov.cn. وقت 24 July 2013 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 27 April 2010. For purposes of this Law, the standard spoken and written Chinese language means Putonghua (a common speech with pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect) and the standardized Chinese characters. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد) Original text in Chinese: "普通话就是现代汉民族共同语，是全国各民族通用的语言。普通话以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作语法规范"

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