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'''مغربي صحارا''' يا '''اولھ صحارا''' {{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Western Sahara '''}} عربي ۾ '''الصحراء الغربيه''' اتر ۽ اولھ آفريڪا جي مغرب واري خطي ۾ واقع ھڪ تڪراري علائقو آهي جنھن جي پکيڙ 2,66,000 چورس ڪلوميٽر آهي جنھن مان ڪجھ حصي تي صحراوي عرب ڊيموڪريٽڪ ريپبلڪ جي نالي سان قائم آهي جيڪا ھڪ خودساخته اعلانيل ريپبلڪ يا ملڪ آھي. ھن تڪراري علائقي جو باقي حصو مراڪش جي اختيار ۾ آهي. ملڪ دنيا جي ڇڊي آبادي وارن وڏن ملڪن ۾ شامل آھي جنھن جو وڏو علائقو ريگستاني ۽ ميداني آھي. علائقي جي ڪل آبادي اٽڪل پنج لک آهي<ref name=unpop>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf |title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 |version=2008 revision |publisher=United Nations |author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division |year=2009 |access-date=12 March 2009}}</ref>. جنھن مان آبادي جو وڏو حصو خطي جي سڀ کان وڏي شھر [[]] ۾ رھي ٿو. ويھين صديءَ تائين ھي خطو اسپين جي قبضي ۾ رھيو. مراڪش جي مطالبي تي 1963ع کان وٺي ھي علائقو گڏيل قومن جي غير خودمختيار ملڪن جي فھرست ۾ شامل آھي. <ref>Mariano Aguirre, [http://www.tni.org/archives/act/463 ''Vers la fin du conflit au Sahara occidental, Espoirs de paix en Afrique du Nord Latine''] in: ''Le Monde diplomatique, Novembre 1997''</ref> ان فھرست ۾ ھي علائقو آبادي ۽ پکيڙ ۾ سڀ کان وڏي ۾ وڏو ملڪ آهي. 1965 م گڏيل قومن جي جنرل اسيمبلي ھڪ قرارداد ذريعي اسپين کان مطالبو ڪيو ھو تہ مغربي صحارا جي بيٺڪيت واري حيثيت ختم ڪري<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/20/ares20.htm |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=16 December 1965 |title=Resolutions Adopted by the General Assembly During Its Twentieth Session – Resolution 2072 (XX) – Question of Ifni and Spanish Sahara}}</ref>1966 ۾ جنرل اسيمبلي ھڪ ٻي قرارداد وسيلي اسپين کان اتي حق خوداراديت لاءِ ريفرينڊم ڪرائڻ جو مطالبو ڪيو<ref name="MINURSO">{{Cite web |url=http://minurso.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=JaHM1%2Fa%2FAww%3D&tabid=3959 |title=Milestones in the Western Sahara conflict |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227033515/http://minurso.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=JaHM1%2Fa%2FAww%3D&tabid=3959 |archivedate=27 February 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>1957ع کان مراڪش ھن علائقي جو دعويدار ھيو پر اھو اسپين جي قبضي ۾ ھيو. 1975 ۾ اسپين ان تان پنھنجو انتظامي اختيار ختم ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ مراڪش ۽ موريطانيا جي گڏيل انتظام جي حوالي ڪيو<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documentos/98/DT-15-2004-E.pdf |publisher=[[Elcano Royal Institute|Real Instituto Elcano]] |last=González Campo |first=Julio |title=Documento de Trabajo núm. 15 DT-2004. Las pretensiones de Marruecos sobre los territorios españoles en el norte de África (1956–2002) |language=Spanish |page=6 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042159/http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documentos/98/DT-15-2004-E.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref>. جنھن سان انھن ٻنھي ملڪن جي فوج ۽ مقامي ماڻھن جي صحاروي قومي تحريڪ واري جماعت [[پوليساريو فرنٽ]] وچ ۾ جنگ ڇڙي وئي. قومي تحريڪ جي ان جماعت [[صحاروي عرب ڊيموڪريٽڪ ريپبلڪ]] قائم ڪري ان جي جلاوطن حڪومت [[الجيريا]] جي شھر [[تندوف]] مان ھلائي رھي آھي. موريطانيا 1979ع ۾ ھن علائقي جي دعوا تان ھٿ کڻي ويو باقي ھن علائقي جو ڪافي حصو مختلف شھرن ۽ قدرتي وسيلن سميت مراڪش جي اصل اختيار ۾ آهي. گڏيل قومن پوليساريو فرنٽ کي صحاروي ماڻھن جي جائز نمائنده ڪندڙ تنظيم تسليم ڪيو آهي صحاروي ماڻھن جي حق خوداراديت جي مطالبي تي اڃان قائم آهي
<ref name="GänzleLeruth2019">{{cite book|author1=Stefan Gänzle|author2=Benjamin Leruth|author3=Jarle Trondal|title=Differentiated Integration and Disintegration in a Post-Brexit Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gaS-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT191|date=15 November 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-429-64884-7|page=191}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 34/37, The Question of Western Sahara|url=https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/37 |id=A/RES/34/37 |website=undocs.org|publisher=United Nations|access-date=28 March 2017|language=en|date=21 November 1979}}</ref>. 1991ع م گڏيل قومن جي مدد سان جنگبندي جو معاھدو عمل ۾ آيو
==تاريخ==
Since a [[United Nations]]-sponsored ceasefire agreement in 1991, two thirds of the territory (including most of the Atlantic coastline – the only part of the coast outside the [[Moroccan Western Sahara Wall]] is the extreme south, including the [[Ras Nouadhibou]] peninsula) has been administered by the Moroccan government, with tacit support from France and the United States, and the remainder by the SADR, backed by Algeria.<ref>Baehr, Peter R. ''The United Nations at the End of the 1990s''. 1999, page 129.</ref> Internationally, countries such as [[Russia]] have taken a generally ambiguous and neutral position on each side's claims, and have pressed both parties to agree on a peaceful resolution. Both Morocco and Polisario have sought to boost their claims by accumulating formal recognition, especially from African, Asian, and Latin American states in the developing world. The Polisario Front has won formal recognition for SADR from [[Political status of Western Sahara#States supporting Sahrawi claims on Western Sahara|46 states]], and was extended membership in the [[African Union]]. Morocco has won support for its position from several African governments and from most of the [[Muslim world]] and [[Arab League]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/981217/1998121758.html |title=Arab League Withdraws Inaccurate Moroccan maps|publisher=Arabic News, Regional-Morocco, Politics|date=17 December 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022005942/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/981217/1998121758.html |archive-date=22 October 2013}}{{Unreliable source?|www.arabicnews.com|date=October 2013}}</ref> In both instances, recognitions have, over the past two decades, been extended and withdrawn according to changing international trends.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}
ويھين صديءَ تائين ھي خطو اسپين جي قبضي ۾ رھيو. مراڪش جي مطالبي تي 1963ع کان وٺي ھي علائقو گڏيل قومن جي غير خودمختيار ملڪن جي فھرست ۾ شامل آھي. <ref>Mariano Aguirre, [http://www.tni.org/archives/act/463 ''Vers la fin du conflit au Sahara occidental, Espoirs de paix en Afrique du Nord Latine''] in: ''Le Monde diplomatique, Novembre 1997''</ref> ان فھرست ۾ ھي علائقو آبادي ۽ پکيڙ ۾ سڀ کان وڏي ۾ وڏو ملڪ آهي. 1965 م گڏيل قومن جي جنرل اسيمبلي ھڪ قرارداد ذريعي اسپين کان مطالبو ڪيو ھو تہ مغربي صحارا جي بيٺڪيت واري حيثيت ختم ڪري<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/20/ares20.htm |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=16 December 1965 |title=Resolutions Adopted by the General Assembly During Its Twentieth Session – Resolution 2072 (XX) – Question of Ifni and Spanish Sahara}}</ref>1966 ۾ جنرل اسيمبلي ھڪ ٻي قرارداد وسيلي اسپين کان اتي حق خوداراديت لاءِ ريفرينڊم ڪرائڻ جو مطالبو ڪيو<ref name="MINURSO">{{Cite web |url=http://minurso.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=JaHM1%2Fa%2FAww%3D&tabid=3959 |title=Milestones in the Western Sahara conflict |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227033515/http://minurso.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=JaHM1%2Fa%2FAww%3D&tabid=3959 |archivedate=27 February 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>1957ع کان مراڪش ھن علائقي جو دعويدار ھيو پر اھو اسپين جي قبضي ۾ ھيو. 1975 ۾ اسپين ان تان پنھنجو انتظامي اختيار ختم ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ مراڪش ۽ موريطانيا جي گڏيل انتظام جي حوالي ڪيو<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documentos/98/DT-15-2004-E.pdf |publisher=[[Elcano Royal Institute|Real Instituto Elcano]] |last=González Campo |first=Julio |title=Documento de Trabajo núm. 15 DT-2004. Las pretensiones de Marruecos sobre los territorios españoles en el norte de África (1956–2002) |language=Spanish |page=6 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042159/http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documentos/98/DT-15-2004-E.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref>. جنھن سان انھن ٻنھي ملڪن جي فوج ۽ مقامي ماڻھن جي صحاروي قومي تحريڪ واري جماعت [[پوليساريو فرنٽ]] وچ ۾ جنگ ڇڙي وئي. قومي تحريڪ جي ان جماعت [[صحاروي عرب ڊيموڪريٽڪ ريپبلڪ]] قائم ڪري ان جي جلاوطن حڪومت [[الجيريا]] جي شھر [[تندوف]] مان ھلائي رھي آھي. موريطانيا 1979ع ۾ ھن علائقي جي دعوا تان ھٿ کڻي ويو باقي ھن علائقي جو ڪافي حصو مختلف شھرن ۽ قدرتي وسيلن سميت مراڪش جي اصل اختيار ۾ آهي. گڏيل قومن پوليساريو فرنٽ کي صحاروي ماڻھن جي جائز نمائنده ڪندڙ تنظيم تسليم ڪيو آهي صحاروي ماڻھن جي حق خوداراديت جي مطالبي تي اڃان قائم آهي
{{As of|2017}}, no other [[member state of the United Nations]] has ever officially recognized Moroccan [[sovereignty]] over parts of Western Sahara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/93-95/Chapter%208/AFRICA/93-95_8-3-%20WESTERN%20SAHARA.pdf|title=Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara (paragraph 37, p. 10)|date=2 March 1993|access-date=4 October 2014}}</ref>{{Failed verification|talk=UN Report on Western Sahara|reason=Looked but didn't find paragraph 37, p. 10|date=September 2018}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsrw.org/a105x1410|title=Western Sahara not part of EFTA-Morocco free trade agreement – wsrw.org|first=Western Sahara Resource|last=Watch|website=www.wsrw.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scilj.se/news/international-law-allows-the-recognition-of-western-sahara/|title=International law allows the recognition of Western Sahara – Stockholm Center for International Law and Justice|date=7 November 2015}}</ref> However, a [[Political status of Western Sahara#States supporting Moroccan claims on Western Sahara|number of countries have exstatus of Western Sahara#States supporting Moroccan claims on Western Sahara|number of countries have expressed their support]] for a future recognition of the Moroccan annexation of the territory [[Western Sahara Autonomy Proposal|as an autonomous part of the Kingdom]].
<ref name="GänzleLeruth2019">{{cite book|author1=Stefan Gänzle|author2=Benjamin Leruth|author3=Jarle Trondal|title=Differentiated Integration and Disintegration in a Post-Brexit Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gaS-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT191|date=15 November 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-429-64884-7|page=191}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 34/37, The Question of Western Sahara|url=https://undocs.org/A/RES/34/37 |id=A/RES/34/37 |website=undocs.org|publisher=United Nations|access-date=28 March 2017|language=en|date=21 November 1979}}</ref>. 1991ع م گڏيل قومن جي مدد سان جنگبندي جو معاھدو عمل ۾ آيو جنھن بعد ھن خطي جو ٻہ ڀاڱي ٽي حصو مراڪش جي حڪومت جي اختيار ۾ آهي جنھن جي حمايت آمريڪا ۽ فرانس ڪري ٿو باقي حصو الجيريا جي تعاون سان قائم صحاروي عرب ڊيموڪريٽڪ ريپبلڪ جي اختيار ۾ آهي<ref>Baehr, Peter R. ''The United Nations at the End of the 1990s''. 1999, page 129.</ref>. روس ان معاملي ۾ غيرجانبدار رھيو آھي. پوليساريو فرنٽ جي ريپبلڪ کي 46 ملڪ تسليم ڪري چڪا آھن ۽ ان کي آفريڪي يونين ۾ پڻ رڪنيت ملي چڪي آهي. مسلمان ملڪن جي اڪثريت ۽ عرب ليگ مراڪش جي دعوا کي تسليم ڪن ٿا<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/981217/1998121758.html |title=Arab League Withdraws Inaccurate Moroccan maps|publisher=Arabic News, Regional-Morocco, Politics|date=17 December 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022005942/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/981217/1998121758.html |archive-date=22 October 2013}}{{Unreliable source?|www.arabicnews.com|date=October 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/93-95/Chapter%208/AFRICA/93-95_8-3-%20WESTERN%20SAHARA.pdf|title=Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara (paragraph 37, p. 10)|date=2 March 1993|access-date=4 October 2014}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsrw.org/a105x1410|title=Western Sahara not part of EFTA-Morocco free trade agreement – wsrw.org|first=Western Sahara Resource|last=Watch|website=www.wsrw.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scilj.se/news/international-law-allows-the-recognition-of-western-sahara/|title=International law allows the recognition of Western Sahara – Stockholm Center for International Law and Justice|date=7 November 2015}}</ref> 1984 ۾ آفريڪي يونين صحاروي عرب ڊيموڪريٽڪ ريپبلڪ کي ھڪ ملڪ جي حيثيت ۾ تسليم ڪيو ۽ ان کي ان حيثيت سان رڪنيت ڏني تہ مراڪش احتجاج ڪندي آفريڪي يونين مان نڪري ويو. 30 جنوري 2017 ۾ مراڪش يونين ۾ ان تنازعي جي پرامن حل واري يونين جي موقف جي ڪري واپس شامل ٿي ويو.
However the [[African Union]] recognized in 1984 the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] as one of its full members, with the same status as Morocco, and Morocco protested by suspending its membership to the African Union. Morocco was readmitted in the African Union on 30 January 2017 by ensuring that the conflicting claims between Morocco and the SADR would be solved peacefully and stopping the extension of its exclusive military control by building additional walls. The African Union however has not issued any formal statement about the border separating the sovereign territories of Morocco and the SADR in Western Sahara, until their conflict is resolved. Instead, the African Union participates with the United Nations mission, in order to maintain a ceasefire and reach a peace agreement between its two members. The African Union provides peacekeepers to the UN peacekeeping mission, in order to control a buffer zone near the ''de facto'' border of walls built by Morocco, and this area still remains a no-man's-land only without permanent residents except temporary controls by UN military peacekeepers and some incursions of the Moroccan army.
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