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ڪارپوريشن: جي ورجائن ۾ تفاوت

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نئون صفحو: '''ڪارپوريشن''':{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Corporation'''}} ماڻھن جي انجمن يا ڪمپني کي سڏيندا آھن جيڪا ھڪ تنظيم ج...
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'''ڪارپوريشن''':{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Corporation'''}} ماڻھن جي انجمن يا ڪمپني کي سڏيندا آھن جيڪا ھڪ تنظيم جي صورت ۾ ھوندي آھي جنھن کي رياست مخصوص مقصدن خاطر ھڪ قانوني شخصيت ھجڻ جي مڃتا ڏيندي آهي. عام طور تي ڪارپوريشن اھڙي ڪمپني کي چوندا آهن جنھن جي ڪاروبار جو پيمانو تمام وڏو ھجي<ref>[http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/corporation corporation]. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved December 07, 2012.</ref>. [[ڪامن ويلٿ ]] ملڪن ۾ ڪمپني ۽ ڪارپوريشن ھڪ ئي شئي جا ٻہ نالا سمجھيا ويندا آهن. ابتدائي دؤر ۾ ڪارپوريشن جي شروعات [[چارٽر]] ذريعي ٿيندي ھئي جيڪو بادشاھ يا پارليامينٽ طرفان ھڪ مخصوص منظوري جو ھڪ قسم ھيو. پر ھاڻي ڪارپوريشن جو قيام ان جي رجسٽريشن سان ٿيندو آهي. ڪارپوريشن جا مختلف قسم ھر ملڪ جي قانون جي بنياد تي ھوندا آھن پر ان کي ٻن وڏن قسمن ۾ ورھايو ويندو آهي: ھڪ قسم جنھن ۾ اھي [[اسٽاڪ]] جاري ڪندڙ ھونديون آھن تنھنڪري انھن کي اسٽاڪ ڪارپوريشن سڏين ٿا. ان جي مالڪي جو حق اسٽاڪ جي بنياد تي ھوندو آھي جنھن ڪري ان اسٽاڪ جا مالڪ يا حصيدار ڪارپوريشن جا مالڪ سڏبا آهن.ڪارپوريشن جي ٻئي قسم ۾ اسٽاڪ جاري ڪرڻ جي اجازت نہ ھوندي آھي ان ڪري ان کي بغير اسٽاڪ واري ڪارپوريشن سڏيندا آهن.ھن قسم ۾ ان جا مالڪ ان جي رڪنيت حاصل ڪندڙ شخص هوندا آهن. ڪارپوريشن يا تہ نفعو ڪمائڻ لاءِ ٺھندي آھي يا وري ان جي ابتڙ. جيڪا ڪارپوريشن نفعي ڪمائڻ لاءِ نہ ھوندي آھي اِھا لازمي طور تي غير اسٽاڪ ڪارپوريشن ھوندي آھي. اسٽاڪ ڪارپوريشن لازمي طور تي نفعي ڪمائڻ لاء قائم ٿيندي آھي.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.corpnet.com/types-of-corporations/#gfp|title=Types Of Corporations {{!}} Incorporate A Business|website=www.corpnet.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-10}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book |title=Company Law |last1=Pettet |first1=B. G. |publisher=Pearson Education |year=2005 |page=151 |quote=Reading the above, makes it possible to forget that the shareholders are the ''owners'' of the company.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Law of Private Companies |first1=Thomas B. |last1=Courtney |publisher=Bloomsbury Professional |year=2002 |edition=2nd |at=4.001}}</ref> اسٽاڪ ڪارپوريشن ۾ حصيدارن جي ذميداري انھن جي سيڙپ تائين محدود ھوندي آھي ان ڪري کين لميٽيڊ{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= '''limited '''}} سڏيو ويندو آهي ڇو ته حصيدار ڪارپوريشن جي سنڀال واري ڪم ۾ شريڪ نہ ھوندا آھن پر اھي ڪارپوريشن جي بورڊ جي ڊائريڪٽرن يا عملدارن کي چونڊيندا آھن جيڪي ڪارپوريشن جي مالياتي معاملن کي سنڀاليندا آهن. اھي ڊائريڪٽر يا عملدار بہ انھن حصيدارن مان ئي ھوندا آھن.
 
يا وري اھي نفعي لاء قائم ٿين.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.corpnet.com/types-of-corporations/#gfp|title=Types Of Corporations {{!}} Incorporate A Business|website=www.corpnet.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-10}}</ref> Corporations can be divided
 
 
Where local law distinguishes corporations by the ability to issue stock, corporations allowed to do so are referred to as "stock corporations", ownership of the corporation is through stock, and owners of stock are referred to as "stockholders" or "shareholders". Corporations not allowed to issue stock are referred to as "non-stock" corporations; those who are considered the owners of a non-stock corporation are persons (or other entities) who have obtained membership in the corporation and are referred to as a "member" of the corporation.
 
Corporations chartered in regions where they are distinguished by whether they are allowed to be for profit or not are referred to as "for profit" and "not-for-profit" corporations, respectively.
 
There is some overlap between stock/non-stock and for-profit/not-for-profit in that not-for-profit corporations are always non-stock as well. A for-profit corporation is almost always a stock corporation, but some for-profit corporations may choose to be non-stock<!-- non-stock -->. To simplify the explanation, whenever "[[Shareholder|Stockholder]]" or "[[shareholder]]" is used in the rest of this article to refer to a stock corporation, it is presumed to mean the same as "member" for a non-profit corporation or for a profit, non-stock corporation.
 
Registered corporations have [[legal personality]] and their shares are owned by shareholders<ref>{{cite book |title=Company Law |last1=Pettet |first1=B. G. |publisher=Pearson Education |year=2005 |page=151 |quote=Reading the above, makes it possible to forget that the shareholders are the ''owners'' of the company.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Law of Private Companies |first1=Thomas B. |last1=Courtney |publisher=Bloomsbury Professional |year=2002 |edition=2nd |at=4.001}}</ref> whose liability is generally [[limited liability|limited]] to their investment. Shareholders do not typically actively manage a corporation; shareholders instead elect or appoint a [[board of directors]] to control the corporation in a [[fiduciary]] capacity. In most circumstances, a shareholder may also serve as a director or officer of a corporation.
 
In [[American English]], the word ''corporation'' is most often used to describe large [[Corporate law|business corporations]].<ref>[http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/american/corporation corporation]. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved December 07, 2012.</ref> In [[British English]] and in the [[Commonwealth countries]], the term ''company'' is more widely used to describe the same sort of entity while the word ''corporation'' encompasses all incorporated entities. In American English, the word ''company'' can include entities
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