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سِٽَ 82:
|native_name_lang=Javanese|resting_place=[[Blitar]], [[East Java]], Indonesia|resting_place_coordinates={{Coord|8.084622|S|112.176075|E|format=dms|type:landmark_region:ID-JI_scale:10000|display=inline}}}}
 
'''Sukarno'''{{efn|Also written as '''Soekarno'''.}} ({{IPAc-en|s|uː|ˈ|k|ɑr|n|oʊ}};<ref>[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/sukarno "Sukarno"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> born '''Kusno Sosrodihardjo''', {{IPA-jv|kʊsnɔ|lang}}; 6 June 1901&nbsp;– 21 June 1970)<ref>[http://kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id/biography/?box=detail&presiden_id=1&presiden=sukarno Biografi Presiden] Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia</ref> was the first [[President of Indonesia]], serving from 1945 to 1967.
 
'''سوڪارنو'''{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Sukarno'''}} يا سوئيڪارنو {{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Soekarno'''}} <ref>[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/sukarno "Sukarno"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> انڊونيشيا جو پھريون صدر ھيو. پاڻ 6 جنوري 1901 ۾ پيدا ٿيو ۽ 21 جون 1970 ۾ وفات ڪيائين. <ref>[http://kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id/biography/?box=detail&presiden_id=1&presiden=sukarno Biografi Presiden] Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia</ref> ھي 1945 کان 1967 تائين ملڪ جو صدر رھيو. ھي ملڪ م نيدرلينڊز کان آزادي جي جدوجھد جو سرواڻ ھيو. ڊچ حڪومت جي نوآبادياتي دور ۾ ڏھاڪو سال جيل ۾ بند رھيو ۽ کيس جيل مان جپان آزاد ڪيو جنھن ڊچ ايمپائر تي حملو ڪري انڊونيشيا ۾ داخل ٿيو ھيو. جپان جيئن ئي ھٿيار ڦٽا ڪيا تہ ھن ۽ [[محمد حاتا ]] 17 آگسٽ 1945 ۾ انڊونيشيا جي خودمختياري جو اعلان ڪيو ۽ سوئيڪارنو انڊونيشيا جو پھريون صدر بڻيو. ھن انڊونيشيائي ماڻھن جي اڳواڻي ڪندي نيدرلينڊز پاران انڊونيشيا کي نئين سر ڪالوني ٺاھڻ جي سفارتي ۽ فوجي مزاحت ڪئي نيٺ 1949 ۾ نيدرلينڊز انڊونيشيا جي خودمختياري کي تسليم ڪيو. ليکڪ پريموئيديا اننتا توئر لکيو آهي تہ " سوئيڪارنو جديد دؤر جو واحد ايشيائي اڳواڻ ھيو جنھن مختلف نسلي، ثقافتي ء مذھبي گروھن ۾ ورھايل عوام کي متحد ڪري بغير رت جي ڦڙي وھائڻ جي آزاد ڪرايو" <ref>Pramoedya ananta Toer, SOEKARNO, TIME Asia story TIME 100: AUGUST 23–30, 1999 VOL. 154 NO. 7/8, http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/asia/magazine/1999/990823/sukarno1.html</ref>
Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|Independence from the Netherlands]]. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the Dutch colonial period, and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] forces. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and [[Mohammad Hatta]] declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed as first president. He led Indonesians in resisting Dutch re-colonization efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch acknowledgement of Indonesian independence in 1949. Author Pramoedya Ananta Toer once wrote "Sukarno was the only Asian leader of the modern era able to unify people of such differing ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds without shedding a drop of blood."<ref>Pramoedya ananta Toer, SOEKARNO, TIME Asia story TIME 100: AUGUST 23–30, 1999 VOL. 154 NO. 7/8, http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/asia/magazine/1999/990823/sukarno1.html</ref>
 
 
 
After a chaotic period of [[parliamentary democracy]], Sukarno established an autocratic system called "[[Guided Democracy]]" in 1957 that successfully ended the instability and rebellions which were threatening the survival of the diverse and fractious country. The early 1960s saw Sukarno veering Indonesia to the [[Left-wing politics|left]] by providing support and protection to the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] (PKI) to the irritation of the military and [[Islamism|Islamists]]. He also embarked on a series of aggressive foreign policies under the rubric of [[anti-imperialism]], with aid from the [[Soviet Union]] and [[China]]. The failure of the [[30 September Movement]] (1965) led to the [[Indonesian killings of 1965–66|destruction of the PKI]] and his replacement in 1967 by one of his generals, [[Suharto]] (see [[Transition to the New Order]]), and he remained under house arrest until his death.
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