مدد:گهٽجندڙ حاشي

Shortened footnotes are a hybrid of standard footnotes and Harvard-style parenthetical referencing. They use in-text citations that link to a shortened reference in a list with a separate reference list with full citations to the source. The shortened reference may link to the full reference.

Shortened footnotes are used for several reasons: they allow the editor to cite many different pages of the same source without having to copy the entire citation; they avoid the inevitable clutter when citations are inserted into the source text; they bring together all the full citations into a coherent block of markup rather than being strewn throughout the text which allows the list to be alphabetized and makes it easier to edit all the full citations at once.

Please read Help:Footnotes first, as this guide builds upon the methods described there.

Overview

In this short example, note that an in-text cite such as links to the shortened citation in the Notes list, which in turn links to the long citation in the References list:

Markup	Renders as
The brontosaurus is thin at one end.{{sfn|Elk|1972|p=5}} Then it becomes much thicker in the middle.{{sfn|Elk|1972|p=6}} The Norwegian Blue Parrot will not move if its feet are nailed to the perch.{{sfn|Praline|1969|p=12}} Its metabolic processes are a matter of interest only to historians.{{sfn|Praline|1969|p=16}} ==Notes== {{reflist|2}} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Elk |first=Anne |title=[[Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses]] |date=November 16, 1972 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Praline |first=Eric |title=[[Dead Parrot sketch]] |date=December 7, 1969 |ref=harv}} {{refend}}	The brontosaurus is thin at one end. Then it becomes much thicker in the middle. The Norwegian Blue Parrot will not move if its feet are nailed to the perch. Its metabolic processes are a matter of interest only to historians. Notes References Elk, Anne (November 16, 1972). Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses.  Praline, Eric (December 7, 1969). Dead Parrot sketch.

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In-text cite

The in-text cite can be created using standard <ref> tags containing the shortened citation, but this will not link to the long citation:

Markup	Renders as
<ref>Elk 1972, p. 5.</ref> {{reflist}}

You can manually create a link to the long citation:

Markup	Renders as
<ref>[[#CITEREFElk1972|Elk 1972]], p.5.</ref> {{reflist}}

Using the {{sfn}} template allows linking with simplified markup and has parameters to include page numbers:

Markup	Renders as
{{sfn|Elk|1972|p=5}} {{reflist}}

The {{sfnp}} template places the date in parenthesis:

Markup	Renders as
{{sfnp|Elk|1972|p=5}} {{reflist}}

The {{sfnm}} template supports the inclusion of multiple sources in a single footnote.

Markup	Renders as
{{sfnm |1a1=Elk |1y=1972 |1p=5 |2a1=Praline |2y=1969 |2p=12}} {{reflist}}

Before {{sfn}} was developed, {{harvnb}} or a similar template was used in <ref> tags:

Markup	Renders as
<ref>{{harvnb|Elk|1972|p=5}}</ref> {{reflist}}

This method is still in place in many articles. Templates in this series include {{harvnb}}, {{harv}}, {{harvtxt}}, {{harvcoltxt}}, {{harvcol}} and {{harvcolnb}}: the differences are in the use of parenthesis and colons; see {{Harvard citation documentation}}.

The link is normally created from the authors' last names and the year of publication.