قومپرستي: جي ورجائن ۾ تفاوت

▲'''Nationalism''' is an ideology and movement that promotes the interests of a particular [[nation]] (as in a group of people)<ref name="Smith1">[[Anthony D. Smith|Smith, Anthony]]. ''Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History''. [[Polity (publisher)|Polity]], 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; {{Cite book | last= James | first= Paul |authorlink= Paul James (academic) | title= Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community | url= https://www.academia.edu/40353321 |publisher= Sage Publications | location= London |year= 1996}}</ref> especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's [[sovereignty]] ([[self-governance]]) over its [[homeland]]. Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference ([[self-determination]]), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a [[polity]],<ref name="Finlayson">{{cite book|last=Finlayson|first=Alan|chapter=5. Nationalism|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PsjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99|editor1-last=Geoghegan|editor1-first=Vincent|editor2-last=Wilford|editor2-first=Rick|title=Political Ideologies: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/?id=4PsjAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-80433-8|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4PsjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA100 100-102]}}</ref> and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power ([[popular sovereignty]]).<ref name="Smith1"/><ref>Yack, Bernard. ''Nationalism and the Moral Psychology of Community''. University of Chicago Press, 2012. p. 142</ref> It further aims to build and maintain a single [[national identity]]-based on shared social characteristics such as [[culture]], [[ethnicity]], [[geographic location]], [[language]], [[politics]] (or the [[government]]), [[religion]], [[traditions]] and belief in a shared singular [[history]] <ref name = Triandafyllidou>{{cite journal | last1 = Triandafyllidou | first1 = Anna | year = 1998 | title = National Identity and the Other | journal = Ethnic and Racial Studies | volume = 21 | issue = 4 | pages = 593–612 | doi=10.1080/014198798329784}}</ref><ref name = Smith>{{cite book | last1 = Smith | first1 = A.D. | year = 1981 | title = The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World | publisher = Cambridge University Press}}</ref>-and to promote national unity or [[solidarity]].<ref name="Smith1"/> Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture, and cultural revivals have been associated with nationalist movements.<ref>[[Anthony D. Smith|Smith, Anthony]]. ''Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History''. [[Polity (publisher)|Polity]], 2010. pp. 6–7, 30–31, 37</ref> It also encourages pride in national achievements, and is closely linked to [[patriotism]].<ref>{{Cite book | last1= Nairn | first1= Tom | last2= James | first2= Paul | authorlink= Paul James (academic) | title= Global Matrix: Nationalism, Globalism and State-Terrorism | url= https://www.academia.edu/1642325 | year= 2005 | publisher= Pluto Press | location= London and New York}}; and {{Cite book | last= James | first= Paul |authorlink= Paul James (academic) | title= Globalism, Nationalism, Tribalism: Bringing Theory Back In – Volume 2 of Towards a Theory of Abstract Community |url= https://www.academia.edu/1642214 | year= 2006 | publisher= Sage Publications | location= London }}</ref>{{page needed|date=November 2018}} Nationalism is often combined with other ideologies, such as [[conservatism]] ([[national conservatism]]) or [[socialism]] ([[left-wing nationalism|socialist nationalism]]) for example.<ref name="Finlayson"/>