محمد مرسي: جي ورجائن ۾ تفاوت

ڊاٿل مواد شامل ڪيل مواد
نئون صفحو: {{خانہ معلومات صاحب منصب |مذہب = اسلام }} '''محمد مرسی''' (مکمل نام عربی زبان میں'''محمد...
ٽيگَ: موبائل سنوار موبائل ويب سنوار
 
سنوار جو تَتُ ڪونهي
ٽيگَ: موبائل سنوار موبائل ويب سنوار
سِٽَ 1:
{{Redirect|Morsi|other uses|Morsy (disambiguation)}}
{{خانہ معلومات صاحب منصب
{{short description|5th President of Egypt}}
|مذہب = [[اسلام]]
{{pp-pc1}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohamed Morsi<br>{{small|{{lang|ar|محمد مرسي العياط}}}}
| image = Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg
| caption = Morsi in 2013
| order = 5th
| office = President of Egypt
| vicepresident = [[Mahmoud Mekki]]
| primeminister = [[Kamal Ganzouri]]<br>[[Hesham Qandil]]
| term_start = 30 June 2012
| term_end = 3 July 2013
| predecessor = [[Mohamed Hussein Tantawi]] {{small|(Interim)}}
| successor = [[Adly Mansour]]<br>{{small|(Interim)}}
| office1 = Secretary General of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]
| term_start1 = 30 June 2012
| term_end1 = 30 August 2012
| predecessor1 = [[Mohamed Hussein Tantawi]]
| successor1 = [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]
| office2 = Chairman of the [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]]
| term_start2 = 30 April 2011
| term_end2 = 24 June 2012
| predecessor2 = Position established
| successor2 = [[Saad El-Katatni]]
| office3 = Member of the [[House of Representatives (Egypt)|People's Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1 December 2000
| term_end3 = 12 December 2005
| predecessor3 = [[Numan Gumaa]]
| successor3 = Mahmoud Abaza
| birth_date = {{birth date|1951|8|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[El Adwah]], [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|6|17|1951|8|8|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Cairo]], Egypt
| party = [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]]
| otherparty = [[Muslim Brotherhood]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Naglaa Mahmoud]]|1979|2019|reason=his death}}
| children = 5
| alma_mater = [[Cairo University]]<br>[[University of Southern California]]
| signature = Morsi signature.svg
}}
 
'''Mohamed Morsi'''<ref group="note">The spellings of his first and last names vary. A [http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/?contentid=20120713129825&method=home.regcon survey of 14 news organizations plus Wikipedia in July 2012] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130930141427/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/?contentid=20120713129825&method=home.regcon archive at Wayback Machine]) found that 11 used "Mohamed" and four used "Mohammed"; nine used "Morsi", five<!--"Six" in the article text is mistaken; see the chart at bottom of article--> used "Mursi", and one used "Morsy". The official Egypt State Information Service uses both "Morsi" and "Morsy".</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɔːr|s|i}}; {{lang-ar|محمد محمد مرسي عيسى العياط}}, [[ALA-LC]]: ''Muḥammad Muḥammad Mursī ʿĪsā al-ʿAyyāṭ, ''<!--Hidden note: this is the native Egyptian Arabic pronunciation. Please don't change it-->{{IPA-arz|mæˈħæmmæd mæˈħæmmæd ˈmoɾsi<!--Hidden note: not [ˈmʊrsi]--> ˈʕiːsæ (ʔe)l.ʕɑjˈjɑːtˤ|IPA}}; 8 August 1951 – 17 June 2019), {{small|[[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]}}, was an [[Egyptian people|Egyptian]] [[Politics of Egypt|politician]] and [[Engineering|engineer]] who served as the [[List of Presidents of Egypt|fifth]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sharnoffsglobalviews.com/egypt-crises-jordan-163/ |title=Jordan Bolstered by Egyptian, Syrian Chaos |first1=Dana |last1=Barakat |first2=Thomas |last2=Sullivan |publisher=Sharnoff's Global Views |date=26 August 2013 |accessdate=30 August 2013}}</ref> [[President of Egypt]], from 30 June 2012 to 3 July 2013, when [[Egyptian Army ranks|General]] [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] removed him from office in the [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|coup d'état]] after the [[June 2013 Egyptian protests|June protests]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-28/egypt27s-military-council-meets-to-decide-sisi27s-political-a/5221486 |title=Egypt's army chief Abdel Fattah al-Sisi receives a promotion ahead of likely presidency bid |work=Australian Broadcasting corporation |date=28 January 2014 |accessdate=4 May 2015}}</ref> An [[Islamism|Islamist]] affiliated with the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] organisation, Morsi led the [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]] from 2011 to 2012.
'''محمد مرسی''' (مکمل نام [[عربی زبان|عربی زبان]] میں'''محمد مرسي عيسى العياط'''، اگست 1951ء – 17 جون 2019ء) [[مصر]] کے [[سیاست دان]] اور 30 جون 2012ء تا 3 جولائی 2013ء مصر کے پانچویں [[فہرست مصری صدور|صدر]] بھی رہے۔ [[عبدالفتاح السیسی]] نے انہیں ایک طویل عوامی مظاہرے کے بعد [[2013ء مصری فوجی تاخت]] کے دوران میں انہیں معزول کر کے قید کر دیا۔<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-28/egypt27s-military-council-meets-to-decide-sisi27s-political-a/5221486 |title=Egypt's army chief Abdel Fattah al-Sisi receives a promotion ahead of likely presidency bid |work=Australian Broadcasting corporation |date=28 جنوری 2014 |accessdate=4 مئی 2015}}</ref>۔۔<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20120627090609/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hcaoxxsaWchmy5h1hM-2lW5Ti4tw?docId=CNG.d5fb1a0d998bd400326ce03309e1b890.781 Muslim Brotherhood's candidate and first president after Mobarak]</ref>
 
بحیثیت صدر انہوں نے 2012ء میں ایک عبوری آئینی اعلان جاری کیا تھا جس کے تحت انہیں خود مختاری حاصل ہو گئی اور مکمل اختیارات ان کے ہاتھ میں آگئے یہاں تک کہ عدالت کی مداخلت کے بغیر [[قانون سازی]] کا حق بھی مل گیا۔
Morsi was born in [[El Adwah]], [[Sharqia Governorate]] before studying [[metallurgical engineering]] at [[Cairo University]] and then [[materials science]] at the [[University of Southern California]]. He became an associate professor at [[California State University, Northridge]] from 1982 to 1985 before returning to Egypt to teach at [[Zagazig University]]. Associating with the Muslim Brotherhood, which was then barred from office under President [[Hosni Mubarak]], Morsi stood as an independent candidate for the 2000 parliamentary elections. Following the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], which resulted in Mubarak's resignation, Morsi came to the forefront as head of the Freedom and Justice Party. It became the largest party in the [[2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election|2011-12 parliamentary election]] and Morsi was elected president in the [[2012 Egyptian presidential election|2012 presidential election]].
 
As president, Morsi issued a temporary constitutional declaration in November 2012 that in effect granted him unlimited powers and the power to [[legislate]] without [[Judiciary of Egypt|judicial]] oversight or review of his acts as a pre-emptive move against the expected dissolution of the [[Egyptian Constituent Assembly of 2012|second constituent assembly]] by the [[History of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak|Mubarak-era]] judges.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sheikh |first1=David D. Kirkpatrick and Mayy El |title=President Morsi in Egypt Seizes New Powers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/23/world/middleeast/egypts-president-morsi-gives-himself-new-powers.html |accessdate=19 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Egyptian Constitution of 2012|new constitution]] that was then hastily finalised by the [[Islamist]]-dominated constitutional assembly, presented to the president, and scheduled for a referendum before the [[Supreme Constitutional Court (Egypt)|Supreme Constitutional Court]] could rule on the constitutionality of the assembly, was described by independent press agencies not aligned with the regime as an "Islamist coup".<ref>{{cite journal |last=El Rashidi |first=Yasmine |title=Egypt: The Rule of the Brotherhood |journal=[[New York Review of Books]] |date=7 February 2013 |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/feb/07/egypt-rule-brotherhood/?pagination=false |accessdate=24 September 2013 |quote=The Islamists' TV channels and press called the completion of the draft constitution an 'achievement', 'historic', 'an occasion', 'another step toward achieving the goals of the revolution'. The independent and opposition press described it as 'an Islamist coup'.}}</ref> These issues,<ref name="alarab912">{{cite news |title=Egypt's Mursi annuls controversial decree, opposition says not enough|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/12/09/254059.html|accessdate=9 December 2012 |newspaper=Al Arabiya |date=9 December 2012 |quote=The two issues – the decree and the referendum – were at the heart of anti-Mursi protests that have rocked Egypt in the past two weeks.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209000212/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/12/09/254059.html |archive-date=9 December 2012 |dead-url=yes}}</ref> along with complaints of prosecutions of journalists and attacks on nonviolent demonstrators,<ref>{{cite news |last=Williams |first=Daniel |title=Muslim Brotherhood abuses continue under Egypt's military |url=https://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-08-15/opinions/41412548_1_muslim-brotherhood-human-rights-watch-military-trials |accessdate=22 August 2013 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=15 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927053305/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-08-15/opinions/41412548_1_muslim-brotherhood-human-rights-watch-military-trials|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> led to the [[2012 Egyptian protests|2012 protests]].<ref>{{cite news |author=David D. Kirkpatrick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/09/world/middleeast/egypt-protests.html?pagewanted=2 |title=President Mohamed Morsi of Egypt Said to Prepare Martial Law Decree |location=Egypt |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=26 April 2012 |accessdate=8 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Egyptians take anti-Morsi protests to presidential palace |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/egyptians-take-antimorsi-protests-to-presidential-palace-8385721.html |last1=McCrumen |first1=Stephanie |last2=Hauslohner |first2=Abigail |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=5 December 2012 |accessdate=5 December 2012 |location=London}}</ref> As part of a compromise, Morsi rescinded the decrees.<ref>{{cite news |title=Egypt's Morsi rescinds controversial decree |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/12/2012128222449772577.html |accessdate=30 September 2017 |work=Al Jazeera |date=9 December 2012}}</ref> A new constitution was approved by approximately two-thirds of voters in the [[2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum|referendum]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Egypt’s constitution passes with 63.8 percent approval rate |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/egypt-s-constitution-passes-638-percent-approval-rate/ |accessdate=30 September 2017 |work=Egypt Independent |date=25 December 2012}}</ref>
 
In June 2013, protests calling for Morsi's resignation erupted. The military, backed by the political opposition and leading religious figures, stepped in and [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|deposed Morsi in a coup]]. It suspended the constitution and appointed [[Adly Mansour]] as interim president. Pro-Morsi demonstrations [[August 2013 Rabaa massacre|were crushed]], resulting in over 800 deaths. Egyptian prosecutors then charged Morsi with various crimes and sought the [[Capital punishment in Egypt|death penalty]], a move denounced by [[Amnesty International]] as "a charade based on null and void procedures".<ref name="independent.co.uk">"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/mohamed-morsi-death-sentence-condemned-as-politicallymotivated-charade-by-supporters-and-rights-groups-10255464.html Mohamed Morsi death sentence condemned as politically-motivated 'charade' by supporters and rights groups]". ''The Independent''. 16 May 2015</ref> His death sentence was overturned in November 2016 and a retrial ordered. Morsi died during trial on 17 June 2019.<ref name=bbcdeath /><ref name=ajdeath />