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{|style="float:center; clear:left; margin: 10px; border: 1px #CCCCCC solid; background:#F9F9F9"
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| align="center" |[[File:Europe 1815 monarchies versus republics.png|180px]]
| align="center" |[[File:Europe 1914 monarchies versus republics.png|180px]]
| align="center" |[[File:Europe 1930 monarchies versus republics.png|180px]]
| align="center" |[[File:Europe 1950 monarchies versus republics.png|180px]]
| align="center" |[[File:Europe 2015 monarchies versus republics.png|180px]]
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|align=left|<small>[[List of sovereign states in 1815|European states in 1815]]<ref>The [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Russian Empire]] are counted amongst [[Europe]]. Counted as republics are the [[Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland|Swiss Confederation]], the [[Free City of Hamburg|Free Cities of Hamburg]], [[Free City of Bremen|Bremen]], [[Free City of Lübeck|Lübeck]] and [[Free City of Frankfurt|Frankfurt]], the [[San Marino|Most Serene Republic of San Marino]], the [[Republic of Cospaia]], the [[Septinsular Republic]] and the [[German Confederation]]; however, member states of the German Confederation are also separately counted (35 monarchies).</ref><br />
{{Legend|#FF0000|Monarchies (55)}}
{{Legend|#0000FF|Republics (9)}}</small>
|align=left|<small>[[List of sovereign states in 1914|European states in 1914]]<ref>The [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Russian Empire]] are counted amongst Europe.</ref><br />
{{Legend|#FF0000|Monarchies (22)}}
{{Legend|#0000FF|Republics (4)}}</small>
|align=left|<small>[[List of sovereign states in 1930|European states in 1930]]<ref>The Republic of Turkey is counted amongst Europe, the [[Soviet Union|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] as a single republic, the [[Irish Free State]] as an independent monarchy (see also [[Irish head of state from 1936 to 1949]]), Vatican City as an [[elective monarchy]], the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|Kingdom of Hungary]] as a nominal monarchy.</ref><br />
{{Legend|#FF0000|Monarchies (20)}}
{{Legend|#0000FF|Republics (15)}}</small>
|align=left|<small>[[List of sovereign states in 1950|European states in 1950]]<ref>The [[Republic of Turkey]] is counted amongst [[Europe]], the [[Soviet Union|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] as a single republic, the [[Free Territory of Trieste]] as an independent republic, [[Vatican City]] as an [[elective monarchy]], the [[Spanish State]] as a nominal monarchy.</ref><br />
{{Legend|#FF0000|Monarchies (13)}}
{{Legend|#0000FF|Republics (21)}}</small>
|align=left|<small>[[List of sovereign states in 2015|European states in 2015]]<ref>The [[Republic of Turkey]] is counted amongst [[Europe]], the [[Russian Federation]] as a single republic, the [[Republic of Kosovo]] (recognised by most other European states) as an independent republic, [[Vatican City]] as an [[elective monarchy]]. The [[Republic of Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Armenia]] and [[Kazakhstan]] are not shown on this map and excluded from the count. The [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] (recognised only by Turkey) and all other unrecognised states are excluded from the count.</ref><br />
{{Legend|#FF0000|Monarchies (12)}}
{{Legend|#0000FF|Republics (35)}}</small>
|}
 
'''ريپبلڪ'''{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= '''republic'''}}{{lang-la|[[res publica]]|links=yes}} ھڪ حڪومتي نظام آھي جنھن ۾ ملڪ حاڪمن جي بدران عوام جو ھوندو آھي ۽ ان ۾ اقتدار مورثي نہ ھوندو آھي. ھن نظام جي رياست ۾ رياستي سربراھ بادشاھ نہ ٿي سگھندو آھي.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTkBAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22res%20publica%22%20republic%20democracy%20monarch&pg=PA640#v=onepage&q=%22A%20republic,%20according%20to%20the%20modern%20usage%20of%20the%20word,%20signifies%20a%20political%20community%20which%20is%20not%20under%20monarchical%20government%22&f=false|title=The Standard Library Cyclopedia of Political, Constitutional, Statistical and Forensic Knowledge|last=Bohn|first=H. G.|date=|publisher=|year=1849|isbn=|location=|pages=640|language=en|quote=A ''republic'', according to the modern usage of the word, signifies a political community which is not under monarchical government ... in which one person does not possess the entire sovereign power.|via=}}</ref><ref name="M-W">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/republic|title=Definition of Republic|last=|first=|date=|website=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|language=en|access-date=2017-02-18|quote=a government having a chief of state who is not a monarch ... a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/republic|title=The definition of republic|last=|first=|date=|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2017-02-18|quote=a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them. ... a state in which the head of government is not a monarch or other hereditary head of state.}}</ref> آمريڪي انگريزي ۾ ريپلڪ جي تعريف اھڙي قسم جي حڪومت جيڪا عوام جي چونڊيل نمائندا ادارن ۾ نمائندگي ڪندا آهن.<ref name="M-W"/> اختيارن جو استعمال قانون جي حڪمراني ۾ آئين مطابق ڪندا آهن.<ref name=Woodburn>Woodburn, James Albert. ''The American Republic and Its Government'': An Analysis of the Government of the United States, G. P. Putnam, 1903:{{quote|the constitutional republic with its limitations on popular government is clearly involved in the United States Constitution, as seen in the election of the President, the election of the Senate and the appointment of the Supreme Court.}} pp.&nbsp;58–59.</ref><ref>Scheb, John M. ''An Introduction to the American Legal System''. Thomson Delmar Learning 2001. p. 6</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkkjwIKoooIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA31#v=snippet&q=%22rule%20of%20law%20is%20interpreted%22&f=false|title=Constitutional Justice: A Liberal Theory of the Rule of Law|last=Allan|first=T. R. S.|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=|isbn=9780199267880|location=|pages=|language=en|quote=When the idea of the rule of law is interpreted as a principle of constitutionalism, ...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8h7Se7TUdJAC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=%22rule%20of%20law%20is%20fundamental%22&f=false|title=Freedom and the Rule of Law|last=Peacock|first=Anthony Arthur|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=|isbn=9780739136188|location=|pages=|language=en|quote=The rule of law is fundamental to all liberal constitutional regimes...}}
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==حوالا==