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اسپنج: جي ورجائن ۾ تفاوت

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سِٽَ 2:
 
{{Automatic taxobox
|name = Spongesاسپنجز
|taxon = Poriferaپوريفيرا
|fossil_range = {{fossilپنڊپھڻ rangeجو دؤر|Ediacaranايڊيئاڪاران|recentتازو}}
|image = Aplysina archeri (Stove-pipe Sponge-pink variation).jpg
|image_caption = Aچلھي [[Aplysinaجي archeri|stove-pipeپائيپ spongeجھڙو اسپنج]]
|authority = [[Robertرابرٽ Edmundايڊمنڊ Grant|Grantگرانٽ]], 1836
|subdivision_ranks = Classesدرجا
|subdivision =
*[[Calcarea]]
سِٽَ 16:
*†[[Stromatoporoidea]]
}}
 
'''Sponges''', the members of the [[phylum]] '''Porifera''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ɒ|ˈ|r|ɪ|f|ər|ə}}; meaning "pore bearer"), are a basal [[Metazoa]] (animal) [[clade]] as a sister of the [[Diploblast]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Feuda|first=Roberto|last2=Dohrmann|first2=Martin|last3=Pett|first3=Walker|last4=Philippe|first4=Hervé|last5=Rota-Stabelli|first5=Omar|last6=Lartillot|first6=Nicolas|last7=Wörheide|first7=Gert|last8=Pisani|first8=Davide|title=Improved Modeling of Compositional Heterogeneity Supports Sponges as Sister to All Other Animals|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982217314537|journal=Current Biology|volume=27|issue=24|pages=3864-3870.e4|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.008|pmid=29199080|year=2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pisani|first=Davide|last2=Pett|first2=Walker|last3=Dohrmann|first3=Martin|last4=Feuda|first4=Roberto|last5=Rota-Stabelli|first5=Omar|last6=Philippe|first6=Hervé|last7=Lartillot|first7=Nicolas|last8=Wörheide|first8=Gert|date=15 December 2015|title=Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/112/50/15402|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=112|issue=50|pages=15402–15407|bibcode=2015PNAS..11215402P|doi=10.1073/pnas.1518127112|issn=0027-8424|pmc=4687580|pmid=26621703}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Simion|first=Paul|last2=Philippe|first2=Hervé|last3=Baurain|first3=Denis|last4=Jager|first4=Muriel|last5=Richter|first5=Daniel J.|last6=Franco|first6=Arnaud Di|last7=Roure|first7=Béatrice|last8=Satoh|first8=Nori|last9=Quéinnec|first9=Éric|date=3 April 2017|title=A Large and Consistent Phylogenomic Dataset Supports Sponges as the Sister Group to All Other Animals|journal=Current Biology|language=English|volume=27|issue=7|pages=958–967|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.031|pmid=28318975|issn=0960-9822}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Giribet|first=Gonzalo|date=1 October 2016|title=Genomics and the animal tree of life: conflicts and future prospects|journal=Zoologica Scripta|language=en|volume=45|pages=14–21|doi=10.1111/zsc.12215|issn=1463-6409}}</ref><ref>{{cite biorxiv|last=Laumer|first=Christopher E.|last2=Gruber-Vodicka|first2=Harald|last3=Hadfield|first3=Michael G.|last4=Pearse|first4=Vicki B.|last5=Riesgo|first5=Ana|last6=Marioni|first6=John C.|last7=Giribet|first7=Gonzalo|date=2017-10-11|title=Placozoans are eumetazoans related to Cnidaria|biorxiv=200972}}</ref> They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like [[mesohyl]] sandwiched between two thin layers of [[Cell (biology)|cell]]s. The branch of [[zoology]] that studies sponges is known as '''spongiology'''.<ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|Spongiology|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref>
 
Sponges have unspecialized cells that can [[cellular differentiation|transform into other types]] and that often migrate between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have [[nervous system|nervous]], [[digestive system|digestive]] or [[circulatory system]]s. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes. Sponges were first to branch off the [[evolutionary tree]] from the common ancestor of all animals, making them the [[sister group]] of all other animals.<ref>http://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(17)31453-7.pdf Improved Modeling of Compositional Heterogeneity Supports Sponges as Sister to All Other Animals</ref>{{toclimit|3}}
 
 
اسپنج:{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي='''Sponges''' }} سفَنج: حياتياتي نالو : يوڪيريئوٽا جي ھڪ ڪنگڊم اينيميليا جو ھڪ فائلم آھي جنھن جو نالو پوريفيرا{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي=Porifera}} آھي. جانورن جي ھڪ شاخ آھي ۽ رشتي ۾ ڊپلوبلاسٽ جاندارن جي ڀينرن ۾ شمار ٿين ٿا.<ref> {{Cite journal|last=Feuda|first=Roberto|last2=Dohrmann|first2=Martin|last3=Pett|first3=Walker|last4=Philippe|first4=Hervé|last5=Rota-Stabelli|first5=Omar|last6=Lartillot|first6=Nicolas|last7=Wörheide|first7=Gert|last8=Pisani|first8=Davide|title=Improved Modeling of Compositional Heterogeneity Supports Sponges as Sister to All Other Animals|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982217314537|journal=Current Biology|volume=27|issue=24|pages=3864-3870.e4|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.008|pmid=29199080|year=2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pisani|first=Davide|last2=Pett|first2=Walker|last3=Dohrmann|first3=Martin|last4=Feuda|first4=Roberto|last5=Rota-Stabelli|first5=Omar|last6=Philippe|first6=Hervé|last7=Lartillot|first7=Nicolas|last8=Wörheide|first8=Gert|date=15 December 2015|title=Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/112/50/15402|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=112|issue=50|pages=15402–15407|bibcode=2015PNAS..11215402P|doi=10.1073/pnas.1518127112|issn=0027-8424|pmc=4687580|pmid=26621703}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Simion|first=Paul|last2=Philippe|first2=Hervé|last3=Baurain|first3=Denis|last4=Jager|first4=Muriel|last5=Richter|first5=Daniel J.|last6=Franco|first6=Arnaud Di|last7=Roure|first7=Béatrice|last8=Satoh|first8=Nori|last9=Quéinnec|first9=Éric|date=3 April 2017|title=A Large and Consistent Phylogenomic Dataset Supports Sponges as the Sister Group to All Other Animals|journal=Current Biology|language=English|volume=27|issue=7|pages=958–967|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.031|pmid=28318975|issn=0960-9822}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Giribet|first=Gonzalo|date=1 October 2016|title=Genomics and the animal tree of life: conflicts and future prospects|journal=Zoologica Scripta|language=en|volume=45|pages=14–21|doi=10.1111/zsc.12215|issn=1463-6409}}</ref><ref>{{cite biorxiv|last=Laumer|first=Christopher E.|last2=Gruber-Vodicka|first2=Harald|last3=Hadfield|first3=Michael G.|last4=Pearse|first4=Vicki B.|last5=Riesgo|first5=Ana|last6=Marioni|first6=John C.|last7=Giribet|first7=Gonzalo|date=2017-10-11|title=Placozoans are eumetazoans related to Cnidaria|biorxiv=200972}}</ref> هڪ قسم جي سامونڊي مخلوق، جيڪا گروهن ۾ رهي ٿي. اها سمنڊ جي -تري- ۾ يا سامونڊي پهاڙ جي پاسن کان چنبڙيل هوندي آهي. قدرتي طرح هن جو جسم جيليءَ يا پنير جهڙو کوکلو ٿئي ٿو ۽ وقت اچڻ تي هي خودبخود ٻه اڌ ٿئي ٿو ۽ ٻئي اڌ جدا جدا حيثيت سان وري پاڻ مان ٻيو جسم پيدا ڪن ٿا. اهو جسم سُڪڻ کان پوءِ نرم ۽ سوراخدار ٿي پوندو آهي. جيڪو گهڻن ڪمن ۾ ايندو آهي. هن ۾ پاڻياٺ چهڻ جي گهڻي صلاحيت آهي.<ref>[http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC اسپنج : (Sindhianaسنڌيانا)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
== حوالا ==
"https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/اسپنج" تان ورتل